洞庭湖区1991～2000年大洪涝灾害特点与成因分析  

A Study on the Features and Causes of the Flood Disaster in Dongting Lake Region From 1991 TO 2000

作　　者：李景保[1] 杨燕[1] 许树辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学地理科学系,中国长沙410081

出　　处：《湖南师范大学自然科学学报》2001年第4期90-94,共5页Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University

摘　　要：洞庭湖区是我国洪涝灾害发生频率高且灾情惨重的地区 .在 1931～ 1990年和 1991～ 2 0 0 0年阶段中 ,分别发生 14次及 6次大洪涝灾害 .通过这两阶段大洪涝灾害的对比分析表明 :发生频率高是湖区大洪涝灾害的共性 ,而洪溃灾情惨重 ,直接经济损失显著增大 ,成灾率高是 1991～ 2 0 0 0年大洪涝灾害的特殊性 .其主要原因是 :降雨偏多诱发了灾害性洪水 ;湖泊调蓄功能衰退 ,长江洪水顶托加剧及防洪排涝能力低等因素的综合影响 ,则放大了灾害性洪水的致灾能力 ;人口及社会财富集聚体的增多与集中 ,削弱了湖区承灾体的承灾能力 ,因而显著增大了直接经济损失值 .About 14 times and 6 times flood disasters respectively occurred in Dongting Lake region between two stages, from 1931 to 1990 and from 1991 to 2000. Compared with the flood-disasters about two stages, some important conclusions about the features and the causes of the flood disasters as good as follows: The flood disasters showed some special features such as the vast disaster areas, the direct economic and social losses from 1991 to 2000 caused by the flood disasters being enlarged evidently, although the common features of the flood disasters in Dongting Lake region such as that the flood frequently occurred. The specific environmental conditions such as the excessive precipitation of the Lake basin in flood season caused the flood disasters. Those special factors such as that the function of regulating the discharged structure of the Lake region and the tremendous water supply of four rivers in flood season declined, that the surge come from Yangtse River aggravated and the capacity of flood control or drainag owed lowed, enlarged the flood disasters. The gathering and concentration of the increasing people and wealth of the society in Dongting Lake region obviously enlarged the direct economic and social losses.

关 键 词：大洪涝灾害 灾害性洪水 洞庭湖区 致灾能力 承灾能力 成因分析 降雨量 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]