长江上游退化森林生态系统恢复与重建刍议  

Suggestions on restoration and reconstruction of degraded forest ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：李贤伟[1] 罗承德[2] 胡庭兴[1] 张健[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学,雅安625014 [2]四川省生态林业工程省级重点实验室,雅安625014

出　　处：《生态学报》2001年第12期2117-2124,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"九五"科技攻关资助项目 ( K98-0 5 -1 9-1 )

摘　　要：通过对国内外生态系统恢复与重建研究进展的综述 ,论述了我国长江上游森林生态系统退化的主要特征和森林生态系统退化的现状 ,分析了长江上游生态环境建设存在的主要问题 ,并提出相应对策。在此基础上 。The major characteristics of degraded forest ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Forest productivity notably descends, and biodiversity obviously reduces, even loses. In the Jia Lingjiang River, Tuojiang River and Fujiang River basin, plants grow slowly, storage capacity is less than to 15m\+3/hm\+2, forest is 30 years old or so,and biodiversity descends, the forest ecosystem type reduces and the quality falls, and some attached species degenerates even disappears.In forestland, the productive potentialities reduce, the renewal of afforestation is very difficult, even bedrock is exposed in some land, and the direction of development is going backward. Soil's chemical property quota is descending with continual cropping in the west of Sichuan, where the second generation of cryptomeria plantation falls by 20%~34\^14%, compared with the first generation. Each component's quality in forest ecosystem is inferior, regulating ability is lack, and forest's function and effect is dropping, structure is becoming disperse and sparse from multiple structure to single structure. Researches show that in degraded shelter-forest ecosystem of Pinus yunnanensis,\% its canopy density is below 0\^4, the number of arbors is 150~700 plants/hm\+2, shrub and herb poorly grows, even disappears. Present situation of degraded forest ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.The areas and the storage capacity of original or natural forest sources reduce by a wide margin. The forest quality descends, and the areas of scattered land, bush forest and shrubbery ground increase. The ecological functions of the remnant original forest such as self-restraint, water and soil conservation and biodiversity protection are in the degrading state.The pure plantation's area increases, but soil fertility degenerates. In the 80's, the number of breeding forest was increasing, but evergreen broadleaf forest was falling and displaced by Cunninghamia lanceolata,Pinus massioniana,Pinus armandi etc. after shelter-forest engineeri

关 键 词：长江上游 退化森林生态系统 恢复 重建 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]