太湖地区新石器时代以来文化断层的成因探讨  

Cultural Interruptions since the Neolithic Age Recorded in the Diagnostic Sediment in the Taihu Lake Region, Esastern China

作　　者：张生[1] 朱诚[1] 张强[1] 李德文[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学城市与资源学系,南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2002年第1期64-73,共10页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (4 0 0 710 83) ;高校博士点基金 (2 0 0 0 0 2 8414);南京大学"985"自然地理重点学科建设项目;南京大学现代分析中心测试基金

摘　　要：多年来考古发掘表明 ,太湖地区乃至整个长江三角洲地区许多新石器文化遗址中普遍存在多期文化断层 ,取而代之的是在连续的文化层序中出现不含文化遗物的自然沉积地层 .本文通过对太湖地区文化断层与特征沉积物 (埋藏古树和埋藏泥炭 )时空分布的比较研究 ,并结合典型剖面所反映的古气候演变状况 ,分析研究结果表明 :太湖地区普遍存在着两层埋藏古树和埋藏泥炭层 ,它们的年代与文化断层形成时代具有良好的对应关系 ;各期文化断层的形成均非海侵造成 ,而是与全新世中晚期气候—海面波动有关 .崧泽晚期文化断层的形成主要是由于海面上升 ,地下水位抬高 ,引起地表低洼处泥炭沼泽的扩大所致 ,而良渚晚期文化断层则是因大规模的陆地洪水泛滥 ,引起地表水域扩张造成的 ;唐宋前期文化断层与太湖水系的变迁密切相关 .在整个历史时期 ,太湖水系大致沿着三江→湖泊→水网化的方向演变 .本区湖面曾几度扩展 。Archaeological excavation in the Taihu lake region has shown that, in the Neolithic cultural sites in this region as well as the whole Yangtze delta area, there exist widespread cultural interruption hiatus (so-called cultural interruptions) whose genesis is unknown, that is to say, some successive cultural sequences are interrupted by certain cultural hiatus constituted by natural sediment. According to comparative research on the temporal-spatial distribution of the cultural interruption and diagnostic sediment (buried plaeo-trees and buried peat) in the Taihu Lake region and combined with the generalization analysis of the microganism, sporapollen, and susceptibility magnetism from diagnostic profiles, the results indicate that there exist widespread buried paleaotrees and buried peat, whose forming time is in well correspondence with the cultural interruption; cultural interruption is in relation to the climate-sea fluctuation in mid- and/or late Holocene, not being the result of the transgression. The formation of the cultural interruption in the late Songze culture is the result of the sea-backward-induced or/and the ground-water-elevation-induced expansion of the peat swamp on the lower place of the ground;the cultural interruption in the late-Liangzhu, however, is the direct result of the large-scale land flooding, which leads to the expansion of the ground-water area; the cultural interruption in the Tang-Song dynasties is well in relation with the migration of the Taihu lake water system. In the whole history, Taihu lake water system has developed in the mode of sanjiang→lake→water network. Several expansions of the lake area are the main cause for the formation of the cultural interruption in that period in the Taihu lake area.

关 键 词：太湖地区 环境考古 文化断层 中国 新石器时代 文化遗址 成因分析 

分 类 号：P534.63[天文地球—第四纪地质学] P931[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]