虚拟乘员舱布局工效学设计中颜色匹配性的实验研究  

Experimental Study on Ergonomical Color Matching Design of Virtual Crew Cabin Layout in Manned Spacecraft.

作　　者：周前祥[1] 曲战胜[1] 王春慧[1] 姜国华[1] 

机构地区：[1]航天医学工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2001年第6期434-438,共5页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

摘　　要：目的探讨长期空间飞行乘员舱布局中颜色匹配性的一般规律 ,为对其进行工效学设计与评价提供基础数据。方法搭建乘员舱布局虚拟现实工效学实验系统 ,按工效学一般原则设计一个颜色匹配性选择模板 ,选用不同年龄段且具有一定背景知识的专业人员参加实验 ,利用SPSS8.0软件对所选颜色的色调、饱和度、明度指标及配色总数进行统计分析。结果在对舱内视觉环境所涉及的主要布局颜色 (柜面、地板、大扶手、井字架等 8类 )选择后 ,每一次得到的整体颜色搭配色调总数的均值为 5种 ,并且色调总数服从正态分布。大约 5 0 %以上被试者对所给出的单项取色爱好基本认可 ,但其明度和饱和度均比模板中值略大一点。此外 ,颜色匹配选择虽然离散 ,却仍存在共同性。结论当进行长期飞行的载人航天器乘员舱内颜色匹配性工效学设计时 ,总体色调须突出冷、暖色调结合 ,同时搭配色调总数不宜过多 ,即控制在 5类以下 ,这时对人的心理认同感较好。Objective To approach general principles of color matching for crew module layout and to provide its ergonomical evaluation with basic data. Method First, according to some ergonomic rules a virtual reality experimental system was set up, then 64 subjects of different ages and with some background of spaceflight were offered a color matching example according to their own choice in advance. Finally, all the hues, saturations, and lightnesses of the selected colors and their total number were statistically analyzed by SPSS8.0 software. Result After choosing the colors for items (standard cabinets, floor, handrails, supports and etc.) in the crew cabin, the mean kinds of color hue matching in the cockpit was 5. In addition, above half of subjects endorsed the example colors but its saturation and lightness were a little higher than those of the example every time. Although its distribution was discrete, there still was a common agreement on color matching (about 50%). Conclusion When the color matching of crew module in long time flight was ergonomically designed, generally, cool and warm hues should be taken into consideration, and their total number need be controlled to be under 5 so as to satisfy human psychological characters.

关 键 词：工效学 虚拟现实 颜色匹配设计 乘员舱 

分 类 号：R857.13[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]