川西亚高山云杉人工林与天然林养分分布和生物循环比较  

NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION AND CYCLING OF ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL SUBALPINE SPRUCE FORESTS IN WESTERN SICHUAN

作　　者：庞学勇[1,2] 胡泓[3] 乔永康[1] 潘开文[1] 刘世全[3] 陈庆恒[1] 刘庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所 [2]四川农业大学四川雅安625014 [3]四川农业大学

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2002年第1期1-7,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：中国科学院"九五"重点课题(KZ952 -S1 - 1 0 4 );国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G2 0 00 0 4 680 2 - 0 5)资助~~

摘　　要：研究了川西亚高山云杉人工林和天然林养分的分布和生物循环特点 ,结果表明 :云杉天然林和人工林各养分含量变化总趋势为 :w(N) ,针叶 >凋落物 >土壤 >树枝 >树干 ;w(P2 O5,K2 O ,CaO ,MgO) ,土壤 >凋落物 >针叶 >树枝 >树干 ;在针叶、树枝、树干和凋落物中养分含量是CaO >N >K2 O >MgO >P2 O5,而在土壤中养分含量是CaO >K2 O >MgO >N >P2 O5.养分贮量以天然云杉林最高 ,且主要集中在土壤中 (占 6 9%) ,而人工云杉林随着抚育林龄的增加 ,地上各组分养分贮量增加 ,土壤中养分贮量则先升后降 ,人工和天然云杉林地上各组分养分贮量主要集中在针叶 ;云杉林养分年积累量以天然林最高 ,在人工林中随着抚育林龄的增加 ,养分年积累量随之增加 ,人工云杉幼林以N、CaO积累为主 ,而成熟林则以CaO、N积累为主 .养分的吸收、存留量天然林高于人工云杉林 ,人工云杉成熟林和天然林的利用系数和周转期相似 ,人工云杉林随着抚育林龄的增加 ,吸收、存留量增大 ,利用系数降低 ,归还量和循环系数先增后降 ,周转期则变长 ,人工云杉林利用系数顺序为 :CaO >MgO >N >K2 O >P2 O5,周转期顺序为 :P2 O5>K2 O >MgO >N >CaO .表 5参Nutrient distribution and cycling of artificial and natural subalpine spruce forests in western Sichuan were studied. The results indicated that nutrient contents of artificial and natural subalpine spruce forests showed the order as ω(N) of needles>litter>soil>branches>wood; ω(P 2O 5,K 2O,CaO and MgO)of soil>litter>needles>branches>wood; the nutrient element pattern of CaO>N>K 2O>MgO>P 2O 5 in needles, branches, wood and litter, and CaO>K 2O>MgO>N>P 2O 5 in soil. The nutrient storage of natural spruce forest was the highest and mainly concentrated in soil(69%), and the nutrient storage of artificial spruce forest increased in aboveground parts with the process of time, but the soil nutrient storage of artificial spruce forest of 1940s was the highest, and the nutrient of the aboveground parts was mainly stored in needles. The nutrient annual accumulation of the natural spruce forest was higher than the artificial spruce forest, and the nutrient annual accumulation of artificial spruce forest increased with the increasing of ages. N was maily accumulated in artificial juvenile forest mainly accumulated N, while CaO maily in matured forest. The nutrient absorption and retention were higher in natural spruce forest than in artificial one. The utilization coefficient and recycling period in natural and artificial spruce forest were roughly similar. With increasing of artificial spruce forest ages, the absorption and the retention increased, but the utilization coefficient decreased. The return and the cycling coefficient firstly increased and then decreased, and recycling period became long. The order of nutrient element utilization coefficient of artificial spruce forest was CaO>MgO>N> K 2O >P 2O 5 ,and that of the recycling period was P 2O 5>K 2O>MgO>N>CaO. Tab 5, Ref 14

关 键 词：亚高山针叶林 养分循环 云杉 人工林 生态恢复 川西 天然 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]