模拟池塘微生态系统研究尾矿砂中重金属吸附及其生物有效性  

Using Micro-Ecosystem to Assess the Bioactivity of Heavy Metals in the Mine Tailings From Dexing Copper Mine,China

作　　者：黎泽华[1] 栾兆坤[1] 吴钢[1] 高林[1] 贾智萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水化学国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第1期73-79,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"九五"科技攻关 ( 96 -92 0 -1 3-0 3)资助项目

摘　　要：利用模拟池塘微生态系统开展长期暴露毒性实验 ,研究了铜矿尾矿砂中重金属在各个环境介质中的迁移及其生物有效性。实验结果较好地反映尾矿库湿地系统中重金属的生物毒性作用与生物可利用性。结果表明 ,适宜的重金属浓度会刺激生物生长与繁殖 ,而过高的重金属浓度则对生物的生长繁殖具有明显的毒性作用 ;微生态系统各组份间的重金属含量与尾矿砂中重金属含量具有良好的相关性 ,生物体内重金属累积与底泥尾矿砂中重金属浓度、种类和生物类属有关 ,试验研究为矿山生态修复过程的湿地利用提供重要的科学依据。Dexing copper mine, which lies in the northeastern Jiangxi Province, China, is one of the largest copper mine in Asia. No.1 mine tailings pond was abandoned in 1987, which resulted in a 210 hm 2 pond requiring stabilization with water cover. Mine tailings pond is of environmental concern for potential hazards in surface and groundwater, which may be uptake by vegetation and bioaccumulation in food chains. Diversity of landscape and stability of tailings is important to remain the manmade reservoir. The metal toxicity and the poor nutrient conditions are the major constrains in ecological reconstruction. The sediment is used to reduce the toxicity and improve the nutrient conditions in tailings. Speciation analyses, toxicity and organism exposure tests are frequently employed to assess the biotoxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals in the sediment. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate (1) the effect of heavy metals on biotoxicity and bioavailability in the mine tailings and (2) the possibility of rehabilitating the wet ecological system of mine tailings. In this study, a three-month organism exposure test in the micro-ecosystem was employed to determine the effect of heavy metals in the tailings and their transport to other environmental mediums from the sediment. Mine tailings collected from Dexing copper mine were mixed with paddy soil from Beijing at the rate of 0%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 100% (w/w, Mn, n=1~6, the representative of aquarium) as artificial sediments respectively and were spread to a 5cm-layer in six 60cm×30cm×45cm aquariums. They were statically flooded with tap water. Chlorella, Oedogonium and lilaeopsis noveazelandiae were transplanted into the micro-system two weeks later. Then fifteen tamed Cipangopaludina cathayensis were introduced to each aquarium after a second two weeks. Finally, six pieces of tamed gold fish were introduced to every aquarium and raised for two weeks before the end of the experiment. Meanwhile, the growth and reproduction of organisms were obser

关 键 词：模拟微生态系统 铜矿尾矿砂 重金属污染物 生物暴露实验 池塘 重金属吸附 生物有效性 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]