小麦—滨麦—偃麦草三属杂交后代的细胞遗传学和形态学研究  

Studies on Cytogenetics and Morphology of the Progenies of Trigeneric Hybridization Involving Triticum,Leymus and Thinopyrum

作　　者：赵继新[1] 傅杰[1] 武军[1] 杨群慧[1] 陈新宏[1] 何蓓如[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院植物遗传工程育种重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2001年第4期20-24,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 (项目编号 :3 9670 45 8)资助

摘　　要：对小麦—滨麦—偃麦草三属杂交后代进行了形态学、育性和细胞遗传学研究。结果表明 :三属杂种杂交结实率较低 ,平均为 2 1 .8%。F1 自交结实率很低 (平均 2 .6% ) ,形态介于双亲之间 ,生长旺盛 ,熟期晚 ,具有较强的杂种优势。 F2 、F3出现严重分离。 F1 根尖体细胞染色体数为 2 n=5 6,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期 平均构型为 1 2 .2 3 +2 1 .0 6 +0 .2 3 +0 .1 3 +0 .0 3 +0 .0 2 ,同时出现大量多价体。说明普通小麦近缘种属染色体组 J和 E、St的部分染色体之间能形成不紧密的配对。PMC后期 ,有落后染色体排列在赤道板上 ;末期 、末期 分别出现大量的二分孢子带微核和四分孢子带微核现象。这是 F1The progenies of trigeneric hybridization involving Triticum,leymus and Thinopyrum were created by the cross between Octoploid Tritilegmus and Octoploid Triti thinopyrum . The studies on cytogentics, morphology and fertility of the progenies showed that the rate of hybrid fertility was very low(average only 21.8%). The morphological feature of F 1 was between the male and the female parents and its growth have stronger hybrid vigor. The self fertility of F 1 was also rather low (average only 2.6%). The F 2 and F 3 plants appeared significant segregation phenomenon. The number of somatic chomosomes was 56 and the average chromosome configuration of F 1 at MI in PMC was 12.23Ⅰ+21.06Ⅱ+0.23Ⅲ+0.13Ⅳ+0.03Ⅴ+ 0.02Ⅵ . The chromosome number of univalents were less than the theoretical number(14), and at the same time, the chromosome number of multivalents were higher than its parents. This result showed that the chromosome set between J (from Leymus ) and E or St(from Thinopyrum ) can untightly pair or synapsis. At anphase I in PMC, there were somc chromosomes falled behind the other arranged in equatorial plate, and at telophaseⅠ,telophase Ⅱ,there were a lot of micronucleus in bispore and tetrapore. Because of this, a large number of abortive pollen were produced and it made the self fertility of F 1 rather low.

关 键 词：小麦 滨麦 偃麦草 三属杂种 细胞 遗传学 形态学 

分 类 号：S334.3[农业科学—作物遗传育种] S512.103.5[农业科学—农艺学]