GM计数管的失效规律研究  

The research on the failure regularity of GM counter tubes

作　　者：李继源[1] 怀光利[1] 谢波[1] 张皓[1] 

机构地区：[1]防化研究院二所,北京1044信箱200102205

出　　处：《核电子学与探测技术》2002年第2期100-104,共5页Nuclear Electronics & Detection Technology

摘　　要：GM计数管的可靠性应当以失效的工作时间 -寿命 ,以及在寿命期间的失效率来表征。提出并采用了一种 GM管失效规律的新方法 ,该方法的要点是 :测试正在使用的仪器中的 GM管 ;记录测得的性能参数和仪器与计数管的其他信息 ;建立数据库 ,确定失效判据 ,检查计数管是否失效并确定失效模式 ;将相同使用年数的 GM管组成一个子样 ,利用采集到的有关信息 ,将子样样品数恢复成开始投入使用时的样品数 ,统计子样的失效样品数和失效模式分布 ;利用线性拟合法求出威布尔分布函数的参数m、γ、t0 ,进而求出平均寿命、失效率等特征量。利用该方法研究了两种 GM管的失效规律 ,根据它们的失效规律确定其使用寿命为 18～ 2 0 a,在此期间的失效率分别为 5× 10 -6 4× 10 -6 / h。The reliability of GM counter tubes should be described by useful time before failure life and failure rate during life. A new method to study the failure regularity of GM counter tubes is advanced and adopted in this paper. The essential point of the method is that after the GM counter tubes of the instruments in use is tested, both the performance parameters and other information of the GM counter tubes and the instruments collected are recorded. Then database is created. Failure criterion is ascertained. The GM counter tubes are inspected to determine whether they are failure. Failure mode should be decided if the GM counter tubes failure. The GM counter tubes with the same useful year come together to make up a subsample. According to the relevant information, the number of the subsample is restored to the number of the sample that initially put into use. Then the number of failure sample is counted and at the same time the distribution of failure mode is got. The parameter m, γ,t 0 of Weibull distribution function are calculated with method of linear fit. Thus mean life, failure rate and other character values are obtained. Using this method, useful life and failure rate are determined. The conclusion is that the useful life is 18～20 years and the failure rate is 5×10 -6 and 4×10 -6 /h respectively during the course.

关 键 词：GM计数管 核辐射探测 可靠性 寿命 失效规律 探测器 

分 类 号：TL811.3[核科学技术—核技术及应用]