溶解和离子交换反应中K^+的快速测定  

RAPID DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM ION IN PROCESSES OF DISSOLUTION AND ION EXCHANGE REACTION

作　　者：陆小华[1] 吉晓燕[1] 陈栋梁[1] 刘畅[1] 暴宁钟[1] 冯新[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京化工大学化工学院,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《化工学报》2002年第3期241-245,共5页CIESC Journal

基　　金：国家杰出青年基金 (No .2 992 5 616);江苏省应用基础研究基金 (BJ980 60 );江苏省自然科学基金 (BK9712 4);德国洪堡基金资助~~

摘　　要：离子溶液中快速传递及反应动力学过程的跟踪研究在实验上较为困难 ,为此基于离子选择性电极建立溶液中离子活度即时采集系统 ,并结合活度系数模型准确计算离子浓度 .该方法测定速度快 ,最小间隔为 1s,且所得离子浓度最大偏差小于 2 % .用此方法测定了硫酸钾溶解过程以及钛酸钾离子交换反应过程中钾离子浓度的变化 ,获得传统方法难以测定的数分钟内相关动态过程受溶剂、pH值的影响结果 .该方法可推广应用于研究其他各种动态过程 (如溶解、结晶、沉淀、离子交换、吸附和扩散等过程 )In order to study the rapid process of transfer and reaction kinetics experimentally,an activity determination system was established on the basis of ion selective electrodes(ISEs),and a thermodynamic model was used to calculate the activity coefficients of liquid components in data processing to obtain the accurate concentration of ions.The determination in the proposed system is very rapid,and the minimum time interval is only one second.Meanwhile,the determination results are precise and reliable,with maximum deviation less than 2%.The established system was used to study the dissolution process of potassium sulphate and ion exchange reaction of potassium titanate.The effects of solvent and pH were studied.A process may be completed within several minutes.For this rapid process the existing analysis method is unsuitable,while the established system can obtain a large number of data points and the measured results are accurate.The established system and method can also be used in other processes such as dissolution, crystallization,precipitation,ion exchange reaction,adsorption and diffusion for other systems.

关 键 词：溶解 离子交换 自动监测 离子选择性电极 活度 钾离子 硫酸钾 钛酸钾 

分 类 号：O647.316[理学—物理化学] O645.12[理学—化学]