硝酸铵的膨化机理研究  

A STUDY ON THE EXPANSION MECHANISM OF AMMONIUM NITRATE

作　　者：陆明[1] 吕春绪[1] 刘祖亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《兵工学报》2002年第1期30-34,共5页Acta Armamentarii

摘　　要：膨化硝酸铵是一种自敏化改性硝酸铵 ,由硝酸铵溶液在专用表面活性剂作用下 ,经真空强制析晶工艺制得。文中研究了膨化硝酸铵制备的膨化过程和专用表面活性剂的作用 ,结果表明 :在真空和表面活性剂作用下 ,硝酸铵溶液由不饱和状态至饱和状态 ,进而达到过饱和状态 ,最终导致硝酸铵的快速结晶和体系的膨胀。在真空干燥过程中 ,形成中心空穴、微细孔道和裂缝 ,它们使膨化硝酸铵的起爆感度提高 ;专用表面活性剂具有降低硝酸铵溶液表面张力。Expanded ammonium nitrate (EAN) is a kind of self sensibilized and modified AN EAN is made from the AN solution containing special surfactants under vacuum In this paper, the process of expansion of AN and the action of special surfactants are studied The results show that the AN solution changes from an unsaturated state to a super saturated state under high vacuum and the action of special surfactants, which causes the AN to crystallize rapidly and the volume of the system to expand abruptly In the course of vacuum drying, the central voids, pore channels and cracks are produced in EAN, which cause the EAN's sensitivity of initiation to improve remarkably The special surfactants may decrease the surface tension of AN solution, they also act as foaming agents and quicken the crystallization velocity of AN

关 键 词：改性 敏化 表面活性剂 膨化机理 膨化硝酸铵炸药 

分 类 号：TQ564.42[化学工程—炸药化工]