仲裁裁决撤销程序的法理分析  

Jurisprudential Analysis on the Revocation Procedure of Arbitral Award

作　　者：张卫平[1,2] Zhang Weiping

机构地区：[1]天津大学 [2]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2018年第6期10-25,共16页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：仲裁裁决撤销程序既是仲裁当事人不服仲裁裁决寻求司法救济的一种方法,也是国家对仲裁进行监督的一种手段。我国现行的仲裁裁决撤销程序由于过于偏重效率,而忽视了对当事人权利的程序保障。究其原因,就在于人们没有意识到撤销裁决程序中存在的争讼性,简单地将该程序的审理非讼化,完全否定其程序的诉讼特性。正因为如此,在程序设计时,便只注重了效率性和非公开性这些非讼特性,而忽视了程序的辩论性、对审性,也就必然缺失相应的程序保障,导致了审理程序的行政化和简单化,使其程序正义性没有得到充分的体现。从应然的角度论,仲裁裁决撤销程序应具有诉讼与非讼两种特性或双面性,因此,应当根据这一双面特征重构和完善我国的撤销审理程序。法院可根据案件的具体情形,在审理中裁量适用直接原则、言词原则和庭审证据调查原则,而非完全排斥体现对审辩论的这些方式。也正是由于没有意识到撤销程序的这种特性,在程序设计时也就缺失了简易的裁决救济程序--即时复议制度。Revocation procedure of arbitration award is not only a way for arbitral parties to seek judicial relief against arbitral award,but also a means for the state to supervise arbitration. The current procedure of revocation of arbitral award in our country is too efficiency-oriented and neglects the procedural protection of the rights of the parties. The reason for this is that people do not realize the litigation nature of the revocation of adjudication procedure and simply deny the litigation characteristics of the procedure. Because of this,in the process design,we only pay attention to the efficiency and non-publicity of these non-litigation characteristics,while ignoring the debate of the procedure and the trial nature,which will inevitably lack the corresponding procedural protection,resulting in the administration-oriented and over-simplification of the trial procedure,so that its procedural justice has not been fully reflected. From the point of view of ought to be,the revocation procedure of arbitral award should have two characteristics: litigation and non-litigation. Therefore,the revocation procedure should be reconstructed and perfected according to this dual characteristic. The court may,according to the specific circumstances of the case,decide on the application of the principle of directness and verbalism and the investigation of court evidence in the trial,rather than utterly excluding these principles reflecting the trial debate. It is precisely because of the unawareness of the characteristics of revocation procedure that a simple remedy procedure—immediate reconsideration system is missing in the process design.

关 键 词：仲裁裁决撤销程序 仲裁司法监督 非讼程序 诉讼程序 直接原则 言词原则 对审原则 诉讼效率 程序正义 

分 类 号：D915.7[政治法律—诉讼法学]