新创企业即兴行为到惯例的形成机理:基于创业学习视角  

The Formation Mechanism of Improvisation into Routines of New Ventures: Based on the Entrepreneurial Learning Perspective

作　　者：马鸿佳[1] 吴娟 郎春婷 Ma Hongjia;Wu Juan;Lang Chunting(School of Management,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学管理学院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《外国经济与管理》2018年第11期116-128,共13页Foreign Economics & Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71672072);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2018T110260);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2016M600236)

摘　　要：在中国情境下,"即兴"作为创业过程中频发的一种普遍行为,已成为创业研究中的热点议题。即兴行为能够有效帮助新创企业应对意料之外事件的发生,在高度动荡的环境下,对新创企业的存活起着至关重要的作用,但是"摸着石头过河"的即兴行为往往具有较高的不确定性。而惯例既可以使组织在适应变化时保持稳定性,通过对惯例的重组还可以提高组织的灵活性。但是,对于一个企业而言,惯例的积累需要经历一个从无到有、由少渐丰、不断更新的过程。而新创企业由于缺乏惯例,往往依靠即兴行为来应对突发事件。尽管许多学者已开始关注企业的惯性研究,但新创企业的惯例形成机理尚不清晰,作为即兴行为频发的新创企业,其即兴行为对惯例的形成机理尚未得到有效揭示。因而基于创业学习的视角,引入交互记忆系统,揭示新创企业即兴行为到惯例的形成机理,在理论上不仅有助于提升新创企业即兴行为的有效性,使新创企业在无法预知的不确定下提升存活概率,还有助于新创企业惯例的形成,为新创企业的长期发展奠定坚实的基础,进而在实践中指导新创企业的生存和发展。In the context of China's emerging economy and transition economy,the unpredictability and high volatility of the environment make new ventures face greater challenges,and new ventures need to maintain a high degree of vigilance and flexibility.In previous studies, "improvisation"as a common behavior in the process of entrepreneurship has become a hot topic in entrepreneurial researches.Improvisation can effectively help new ventures deal with unexpected events,and it plays a vital role in the survival of new ventures in highly volatile environments.However, according to the effectuation theory,the improvisation which is just like "crossing the river by feeling the stones"tends to have higher uncertainty.At the same time,related researches show that routines can not only make firms stay stable in adapting to changes,but also increase organizational flexibility by reorganizing,so that organizations with significant inertia can survive and often have excellent performance.However,as a newborn in the market,new ventures do not have sufficient routines to learn from.And researches show that routines are not innate,but gradually formed.This is a process from scratch,which means that although routines exist in large numbers in mature companies,most of them are caused by the formation and accumulation in the process of entrepreneurship.So what is the connection between routines and improvisation?In the existing literature,the formation mechanism of improvisation of new ventures has not been effectively revealed.Therefore^based on the perspective of entrepreneurial learning,this paper introduces the transactive memory system,and reveals the formation mechanism of improvisation into routines of new ventures.We think that the improvisation to create knowledge is one of the sources of routines of new ventures.And entrepreneurial learning behaviors of new ventures provide a way for new knowledge from being produced to being solidified in organizations which finally changes into routines of organizations.The transactive memor

关 键 词：新创企业 即兴行为 创业学习 惯例 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]