德国垃圾循环回收法律体系的经验及我国路径  

The Experience of Germany Waste Recycling Legal System and China's Path

作　　者：涂亦楠 TU Yi'nan(Public Administration School,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China;Legal Analysis Key Laboratory of Ministry of Land and Resources,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)公共管理学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]国土资源部法律评价工程重点实验室,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《生态经济》2018年第12期88-93,共6页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国土资源部法律评价工程重点实验室开放基金"一带一路视野下的自然资源监管问题研究"(CUGFP1701);中央高校优青基金项目"一带一路倡议下我国海外采掘业软法研究"(CUGW170207)

摘　　要：德国垃圾循环回收体系以高回收率、高资源化率、高无害化率、高环保标准和高物流速率而著称。体系良性运转得益于公民环境意识与法律制度的坚实支撑。德国垃圾处理体系首先树立了可持续发展、循环经济和零废物的法律原则;之后又陆续颁布了垃圾避免、生产者责任、反向物流体系、消费者责任、家庭和社区垃圾分拣等法律规则;以多元化的资金机制和中立公正的司法体制作为内核,辅之以健全的政府规制与公民参与机制。面对日趋严重的垃圾围城问题,我国可以借鉴德国的立法经验,实现我国政策的转型,推动垃圾综合管理、环境资源回收等制度,运行系统化与规模化的垃圾循环体系,培育并增进社会公众的环境意识。Germany waste processing system is world famous for highly circulation of resources,high environmental protection standards.The citizens'idea changing and legal system reform are the main reasons drove this change.From the outbreak of environmental crisis,Germany waste processing legal system change from waste process to zero waste, establish producers responsibility and retro-logistics,encourage family sorting,and strengthen the polluter pays principles. And now German successfully establish a whole nation waste sorting system and fundamentally changed the society's environmental belief.China faces waste crisis and hardship for waste facilities sitting.China should learn from Germany example and reform from environmental philosophy,and then establish a society waste sorting system.

关 键 词：垃圾分拣 垃圾综合管理 垃圾避免 反向物流 环境意识 

分 类 号：D93[政治法律—法学] D97