成都市小学生雾霾天气因病缺课及影响因素分析  

Analysis of influential factors and absenteeism caused by diseases in the fog and haze weather among primary school students in Chengdu

作　　者：郭正梅 刘艳[1] 高绪芳[1] 鹿茸[1] 杜楠 GUO Zhengmei;LIU Yan;GAO Xufang;LU Rong;DU Nan(Chengdu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu(610041),China)

机构地区：[1]四川省成都市疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生科,610041

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2018年第11期1678-1681,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：安装新风系统后教室健康相关指标的综合评价项目(20170107)

摘　　要：目的探索空气污染与小学生因病缺课之间的关系,为定量评估空气污染相关指标对小学生因病缺课发生的影响提供参考。方法在成都市选取重污染A区、轻污染B区和农村对照C区作为研究地点,采用整群随机抽样方法,选择2 066名三至五年级小学生为研究对象,采用问卷对小学生健康影响因素和因病缺课情况进行调查。结果 A,B和C区小学生雾霾期间因病缺课率分别为2.64‰,5.32‰,0.73‰,因病缺课发生率分别为2.64%,2.61%和0.82%,3个监测点之间差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为39.02,7.88,P值均<0.05)。以12月20—25日为高峰段,经检验高峰前(4.4‰)、高峰段(4.8‰)和高峰后(1.3‰)的小学生因病缺课率差异有统计学意义(F=3.46,P=0.04)。Logistic回归模型显示,PM2.5质量体积浓度对因病缺课的效应在滞后0 d(Lag0)时最大,PM2.5每升高1级,对因病缺课的OR值为1.38(95%CI=1.07~1.79);多污染物Logistic回归模型显示,PM2.5分级和自燃煤取暖是小学生因病缺课发生的危险因素,PM2.5分级越高,小学生因病缺课发生的风险越高(OR=1.44,95%CI=1.09~1.89);与无取暖相比,自燃煤取暖对是否因病缺课影响的OR值为8.18(95%CI=2.41~27.85)。结论空气污染是小学生人群因病缺课发生的影响因素,采取措施治理大气污染对保护学龄儿童身体健康发育至关重要。Objective To explore the relationship between air pollution and the occurrence of absent because of illness in primary school students,and to quantitatively assess the impact of air pollution related indicators on the occurrence of absent because of illness in primary school students.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in area A,area B and rural control area C with different levels of air pollution in Chengdu.Using a cluster sampling method,we recruited 2066students in grades 3-5 from 1primary schools in each area.The influential factors of primary school students'health and the occurrence of absent because of illness were investigated by using questionnaire.Results In area A,area B and area C,the rates of absent because of illness were 2.6‰,5.3‰and 0.7‰,respectively,and the incidences of absent because of illness were 2.64%,2.61%and 0.82%,respectively,the differences were statistically significant among the three monitoring stations(P<0.05).Furthermore,the rate of absent because of illness before the peak,during the peak(between December 20to 25)and after the peak was 4.4‰,4.8%and 1.3‰,respectively,the differences were statistically significant among the three monitoring periods(F=3.46,P=0.04).In single- pollutant model,the effect of PM2.5concentration on the rate of absent because of illness was the strongest in lagged 0day (lag 0), and OR was 1.38(95%CI=1.07-1.79)with rise of one level for PM2.5classifcation.In multi-pollutant model,the PM2.5classification and coal heating were the risk factors of primary school students absent from classes because of illness,the higher the level of PM 2.5,the greater the risk of being absent from classes among primary school students(OR=1.44,95%CI:1.09-1.89).Compared with no heating,the effect of the coal heating on the rate of absent because of illness elevated,and the OR was 8.18(95%CI=2.41 -27.85).Conclusion Air pollution affected the occurrence of absent because of illness in primary school students.Measures should be taken to control air pollution for

关 键 词：环境污染 疾病 缺勤 学生 因素分析 统计学 

分 类 号：G637.8[文化科学—教育学] R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]