古埃及王权成因探析  

On the Conditions and Reasons of the Formation of Ancient Egyptian Kingship

作　　者：郭子林[1] GUO Zi-lin(Institute of World History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第6期145-155,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家万人计划"青年拔尖人才"支持课题"宗教仪式视阈中的古埃及王权研究"(20151230);中国社会科学院创新工程重大项目"赴埃及考古与研究"(20160716)

摘　　要：学界关于古埃及王权成因的探讨很少,关于其形成背景的探讨也仅仅集中于前王朝末期。将叙述起点上溯到旧石器时代,探寻古埃及王权形成和发展的根本原因和各种条件。从长时段来看,几十万年的物质和文化积淀为公元前4000年之后古埃及社会的较快发展和王权的逐渐出现奠定了基础。涅迦达文化Ⅰ和Ⅱ时期,社会复杂化推动了王权的形成和发展。涅迦达文化Ⅲ时期,以征服战争和献祭仪式为主的诸多社会因素的相互影响使王权更加巩固。可以说,古埃及王权的形成时间或许可以提前400多年,而其形成则是古埃及史前历史长期发展的结果,是一种复杂历史情境当中诸多因素相互作用且长期积累的产物。The reasons for the formation of ancient Egyptian kingship have not been discussed by most scholars,and the exploration on its conditions focuses on the Late Pre-dynasty. However,the beginning point of the kingship should be dated to the Paleolithic period,because the material and cultural accumulation during hundreds of thousands of years laid foundation for the development of society and the appearance of kingship.The complication of society motivated the emergence and development of kingship during the reign of Naqada Ⅰand Ⅱ. The interaction between war and ritual and even other social factors consolidated the kingship. In sum,the date of the formation of kingship in ancient Egypt perhaps was earlier by about 400 years than that we usually supposed as a result of long-time development of human history,and a product of long-time accumulation and interaction between many elements in a complicated context.

关 键 词：古埃及王权 早期国家 前王朝 涅迦达文化 献祭仪式 

分 类 号：K411.21[历史地理—历史学]