公益保护行政执法与公民诉讼的平衡  

Balancing the Agency Enforcement and Citizen Suit in Protecting the Public Interest

作　　者：崔瑜[1] CUI Yu(School of China University of Political Science and Law;University of California Berkeley)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2018年第6期86-100,171,172,共17页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：美国国会在环境法规中纳入公民诉讼条款,形成由联邦环境保护局、州和私人公民组成的多方执法框架,共同推动环境法规目标的实现。为避免多方执法可能导致的执法重复和冲突,国会对公民诉讼设置了"勤勉执法"限制,但并未对此具体界定,交由法院在个案中认定。法院综合考量司法权与行政权的关系、公民诉讼的立法历史等因素,结合具体案件对行政机关执法活动进行认定。公民诉讼勤勉执法限制的立法和司法实践表明,国会及法院在公益保护上努力寻求行政机关执法与公民诉讼间的平衡,这对中国深化行政公益诉讼制度过程中处理司法权、行政权及公民参与权之间的相互关系具有重要启示。The United States Congress authorized citizen suit provisions in environmental laws and the enforcement authority is shared by the Environmental Protection Agency,States and citizens to jointly promote the goal of environmental laws.In order to avoid duplication and conflict of enforcement authority,the Congress places diligentprosecution bar on citizen suit without detailed definition.The court comprehensively considers the relationship between judicial and administrative power,the legislative history of citizen suit and other factors to review agency enforcement activities.The legislative provision and juridical practice of the diligent prosecution bar suggests that the Congress and courts try to balance the agency enforcement and citizen suit.This will inspire China to deal with the relationship among judicial power,administrative power and public participation during deepen administrative public interest litigation.

关 键 词：公民诉讼 勤勉执法 司法尊重 公众参与 

分 类 号：D915[政治法律—诉讼法学]