机动车交通事故加害人不明不宜适用共同危险行为规则--兼论机动车交通事故责任不适用高空抛物责任规则  

Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident Liability is not Appropriate to the Common Dangerous Behavior Rules when Infringer is Unknown.——With Discussion on Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident Liability not Applying to the High Altitude Parabolic Liability Rules

作　　者：杨立新[1] 李怡雯 YANG Lixin;LI Yiwen(Law School of Renmin University of China;Law School Tianjin University)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2018年第6期151-168,174,共19页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：共同危险行为规则的适用,须严格按照"数人共同实施具有危险性的同种行为、其中一人或者数人的行为造成了损害后果、不能确定具体的侵权人"三个构成要件来认定。在机动车交通事故中,数人难以共同实施危及他人人身、财产安全的同种行为,一车或者数车造成损害时,基本上不存在不能确定具体侵权人的情形,故机动车交通事故加害人不明,不宜适用共同危险行为规则承担连带责任。高空抛物责任是公平分担损失规则的运用是基于法律的特殊规定,机动车交通事故不具有类推适用其规则的正当性基础。机动车交通事故加害人不明,由道路交通事故社会救助基金先行垫付伤亡费等,确定具体侵权人后,道路交通事故社会救助基金管理机构有追偿权,被侵权人有损害赔偿请求权。The application of the common dangerous behavior rules shall be determined in strict accord- ance with the three constituent elements,including "a number of people who jointly carry out the same kind of dangerous behavior","one or several of whom have caused the damage"and "cannot determine the specific infringer".In motor vehicle traffic accidents,it is difficult for several people to jointly implement the same kind of behavior that endangers the personal and property safety of others.When a vehicle or a number of vehicles cause damage,basically,there is no situation in which the specific infringer cannot be determined.Therefore,it is not appropriate to apply the common dangerous behavior rules to assume joint liability.The parabolic liability of high altitude is the application of the fair share of the loss rule.It is based on the special provisions of the law.The motor vehicle traffic accident liability does not have the justification basis for the application of its rules.When the motor vehicle traffic accident infringer is unknown,the road traffic accident social rescue fund advances casualties,etc.After determining the specific infringer,the road traffic accident social rescue fund management agency has the right to recover,and the infringed person has the right to claim damages.

关 键 词：机动车交通事故 加害人不明 共同危险行为 高空抛物责任 垫付责任 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]