昆虫授粉对芝麻产量构成因素的影响  

Effects of Insect Pollination on Yield Components of Sesame

作　　者：吕伟[1] 文飞[1] 韩俊梅[1] 王若鹏[1] 任果香[1] 刘文萍[1] 乐美旺[2] 孙建[2] Lu Wei;Wen Fei;Han Junmei;Wang Ruopeng;Ren Guoxiang;Liu Wenping;Le Meiwang;Sun Jian(Institute of Economic Crops Research,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;Crops Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所,山西太原030031 [2]江西省农业科学院作物研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《作物杂志》2018年第6期124-129,共6页Crops

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14-2-04);山西省科技攻关项目(201703D221007-1);院育种工程项目(17yzgc050);院农业科技创新-有机旱作农业研发专项(YCX2018419)

摘　　要：为探索芝麻花期访花昆虫授粉效果,更好地利用昆虫为其授粉提高产量。本研究利用全封闭、半封闭、开放3个处理对芝麻花期访花昆虫数量及产量构成因素进行调查和分析。结果表明:蜜蜂是芝麻主要的传粉昆虫,占总访花昆虫数量的78.69%～88.78%。通过芝麻盛花期蜜蜂访花次数可看出,1d当中蜜蜂访花高峰主要集中在9∶00-10∶30和15∶00-16∶30两时段。昆虫授粉可显著增加半封闭区、开放区芝麻单株蒴果数、每蒴粒数、千粒重、单株产量、小区产量,与全封闭区(CK)相比分别提高了7.06%～17.58%、10.48%～16.83%、2.19%～5.13%、11.24%～20.86%、10.12%～20.85%。因此,在芝麻杂交制种和栽培生产过程中,人为增加传粉昆虫数量对提高制种效果和增加芝麻产量具有重要意义。To explore the effect of insect pollination at sesame flowering stage and better uses of insects for pollination to increase yield, an experiment was carried out with three treatments:fully closed, semi-closed and open by counting the number of insects at flowering and analyzing its influence on the yield of sesame. The results showed that bees were the principal pollinators of sesame, and they occupied 78.69%~88.78% among the total pollinating insects. It was observed that the peak hour of bee visits were 9:00-10:30 and 15:00-16:30 in a day. Insect pollination could significantly increase capsule number per plant, number of grain per capsule, 1000-grain weight, yield per plant, plot yield of the semi-closed area and the open area, compared with the fully closed area(CK), which were increased by 7.06%~17.58%, 10.48%~16.83%, 2.19%~5.13%, 11.24%~20.86%, 10.12%~20.85%, respectively. Artificially increasing the number of pollinators is important for improving seed production and increasing yield in hybrid seed production and cultivation of sesame.

关 键 词：芝麻 昆虫授粉 产量 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]