结构主义文论回望与再探  

Retrospect and Re-exploration of Structuralism

作　　者：周启超[1] Zhou Qichao(School of Humanities of Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学人文学院

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2018年第5期26-33,共8页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"现代斯拉夫文论经典汉译与大家名说研究"[项目编号:17ZDA282]中期成果~~

摘　　要："结构主义"之真正跨语言跨学科跨文化的理论之旅,是当代文论与比较诗学研究的一个基本课题。在不少人心目中,"结构主义"是一种学派,一种思潮。罗兰·巴尔特却不以为然。在这位法国结构主义主将看来,结构主义是一种建构性活动。不少人认为,"结构主义"是一种理论,一种方法。扬·穆卡若夫斯基却不以为然。以这位捷克结构主义首领之见,结构主义是一种认识论立场。在我们看来,结构主义不仅仅是一种建构性活动,也不仅仅是一种认识论立场,更是一种思想范式。结构主义文论参与了20世纪"诗学范式"的建构。正是"诗学范式""阐释学范式""现象学范式""社会学范式"这四大范式彼此之间的对话与互动、对立与交锋,孕育了流派林立、学说纷呈的20世纪世界文论。看来,只有经由对结构主义文论这一思想范式的深度开采,才能直面原本就是多形态的结构主义文论,才能进入对结构主义文论的多面观,才能超越流行经年但确乎是被我们简化了的粗放式的"结构主义如是观"。The cross-disciplinary and multi-lingual theoretical journey of "structuralism " is one of the essential topic in contemporary international literary criticism and comparative poetics. Is "structuralism"a school or ideological trend? Roland Barthes argues that structuralism is neither a school nor a movement but an activity. Is"structuralism"a theory or a methodology?Structuralist Jan Mykarovsky believes that structuralism is neither a theory nor a methodology but a cognitive position independent from both. Structuralism de facto is not only a construction activity but a cognitive position and even an ideological paradigm. It is the structuralist criticism belonging to dialogue and interactivity,contrast and conflict between"poetic paradigm"and"hermeneutic paradigm","phenomenological paradigm"and "sociological paradigm"that promotes prosperity of 20th century ’s world literary criticism. We can face the diversified forms of structuralist criticism only through the in-depth exploration of its ideological paradigm thus entering into the multifaceted structuralist criticism and transcending the perpetually popular but being simplified"structuralism".

关 键 词：结构主义 范式 理论旅行 比较诗学 再探 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]