西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场分布与海表温度锋的相关关系  

Relationship between Cololabis saira fishery distribution patterns and sea surface temperature front in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

作　　者：刘瑜[1] 郑全安[2] 李晓峰 LIU Yu;ZHENG Quanan;LI Xiaofeng(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science,University of Maryland,Maryland 20742,USA)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]马里兰大学大气与海洋科学系,美国马里兰州20742

出　　处：《水产学报》2018年第12期1916-1926,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD13B05)~~

摘　　要：西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔业是我国重要的经济渔业之一,其渔场分布与海表温度及温度变化息息相关。本研究通过海表温度(SST)的遥感数据计算海表水平温度梯度(SSTG),根据2013—2015年中国(不含中国台湾省)北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔业生产数据,分析海表温度锋与秋刀鱼资源丰度和渔场时空分布的关系。结果显示,秋刀鱼作业渔场主要分布于37°～49°N,145°～165°E;SST为10～14°C时,单位捕捞渔获量(CPUE)与SST呈负相关,SST为14～17°C时呈正相关,最适宜SST为12.5～14.5°C。当SSTG为0.01～0.06°C/km时,CPUE与SSTG呈显著线性正相关,最适宜SSTG为0.01～0.05°C/km。作业海域温度锋与CPUE呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.81;CPUE作业点到锋面的距离(DIST)表现出明显的季节特征,在夏季6—8月,当DIST为0～100 km范围内时,CPUE与DIST呈线性正相关,在秋季9—11月,CPUE与DIST呈对数负相关,90%以上的作业点出现在DIST为0～50 km范围内。研究表明,海表温度影响着秋刀鱼洄游渔场分布,亲潮黑潮交汇区形成冷水楔,海表温度锋集聚,进而秋刀鱼鱼群集群,形成高产渔场。Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) fishery in North Pacific Ocean (NPO) is one of the most important components for Chinese fishery industry.The distribution of fishery is significantly related to the sea surface temperature (SST) and its variations.In this study,the sea surface temperature gradient (SSTG) and temperature fronts are derived from SST remote sensing data.In addition,data from Chinese saury fishery in the NPO during 2013 to 2015 (not including the fishery data of Chinese Taipei) are used to analyze the spatial and temporal relationship between the temperature front and the saury abundance.The results show that the main Saury fishing grounds are mainly located in 37°-49°N,145°-165°E.The catch per unit effort (CPUE) is negatively related to the SST in the range of 10-14℃.In contrast,CPUE increases with the sea surface temperature in the range 14-17℃.The most suitable temperature is between 12.5-14.5℃.The CPUE is significantly linear positively correlated with SSTG in the range of 0.01-0.06℃/km,then the best range of SSTG is 0.01-0.05℃/km.Furthermore,the locations of fronts of the study area are also positively correlated with CPUE with the high correlation coefficient of 0.81.The distance (DIST) between CPUE and front shows seasonal variations.During Jun-Aug,when DIST less than 100 km,CPUE displays a positive relationship to DIST with R2 of 0.85.CPUE negatively correlates with DIST and the R2 is 0.9 during Sep-Nov,when the 90% fishing grounds are concentrated within the area,the DIST is less than 50 km.Results show that the SST significantly affects the migratory distributions of saury fishery.Cold water wedges and temperature fronts are concentrated near the intersection of Kuroshio and Oyashio,where the group of saury is clustered to form a high-yield fishing ground.

关 键 词：秋刀鱼 海表温度梯度 温度锋 西北太平洋 

分 类 号：S931.41[农业科学—渔业资源]