区域生态足迹盈亏测算及其空间特征--以江苏省为例  

Study on the calculation and spatial characteristics of regional ecological footprint profit and loss: Jiangsu Province as a case study

作　　者：鹿瑶 李效顺[1,2] 蒋冬梅 郎文婧 沈春竹[3] 魏旭晨 LU Yao;LI Xiaoshun;JIANG Dongmei;LANG Wenjing;SHEN Chunzhu;WEI Xuchen(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;China Land Problem Research Center,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection,Ministry of Land and Resource,Nanjing 210024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学,江苏省资源环境信息工程重点实验室,徐州221116 [2]南京农业大学,中国土地问题研究中心,南京210095 [3]江苏省土地勘测规划院,国土资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室,南京210024

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第23期8574-8583,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71473249,71704177);中央高校基本科研专项资金(2017WB05);江苏省社科基金重点项目(15EYA002);国土资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室开放基金(2017CZEPK10).

摘　　要：生态足迹分析法能够通过计算生物生产性土地和水域的产量,估算人类对自然资本的消耗和自然资本的供给情况,进而对区域发展的可持续发展状态进行定量评估。在改进国家公顷生态足迹模型的基础上,对江苏省及其13个地级市生态足迹盈亏进行测算,进而揭示其空间演化特征。研究结果表明:(1)2015年江苏省的人均生态足迹为1.7890 hm^2/人,人均生态承载力为0.2991 hm^2/人,生态赤字为-1.4899 hm^2/人,万元GDP生态足迹为0.2033 hm^2/万元;(2)地级市中,人均生态足迹上,常州市最高为2.9317 hm^2/人,宿迁市最低为1.7348 hm^2/人;人均生态承载力上,盐城市最高为0.6111 hm^2/人,苏州市最低为0.0812hm^2/人;人均生态赤字上,常州市最高为-2.8115 hm^2/人,盐城市最低为-1.1503 hm^2/人;万元GDP生态足迹上,宿迁市最高为0.3956 hm^2/万元,无锡市最低为0.1651 hm^2/万元;(3)江苏省及其苏南、苏中地区的人均建筑用地生态足迹和化石能源用地生态足迹所占比例较大,苏北地区人均耕地生态足迹和草地生态足迹所占比例较大;(4)人均生态足迹和生态赤字在空间分布上较为一致,呈现出南高北低的特征,而人均生态承载力呈现北高南低的分布特征;万元GDP生态足迹空间分布北高南低,整体上与人均地区生产总值成反比。研究结果能够为江苏省区域协调发展、生态文明建设提供理论指导和定量参考。By calculating the bioproductive land and water output,ecological footprint analysis estimates the supply and demand of natural capital; thus,quantitatively evaluating the state of regional sustainable development. The national hectare ecological footprint model was improved in this paper to calculate the ecological footprint of Jiangsu Province and 13 prefecture-level cities and determine its spatial characteristics. The results showed that: (1) in 2015,the per capita ecological footprint of Jiangsu Province was 1.7890 hm 2 /cap,per capita ecological carrying capacity was 0.2991 hm 2 /cap, and per capita ecological deficit was -1.4899 hm 2 /cap,ten thousand yuan GDP ecological footprint was 0.2033 hm 2 /ten thousand yuan; (2) among the prefecture-level cities,the per capita ecological footprint of Changzhou City was the highest at 2.9317 hm 2 /cap,and that of Suqian City was the lowest at 1.7348 hm 2 /cap; per capita ecological carrying capacity of Yancheng City was the highest at 0.6111 hm 2 /cap,and Suzhou City was the lowest at 0.0812 hm 2 /cap; per capita ecological deficit of Changzhou City was the highest at -2.8115 hm 2 /cap,and Yancheng City was the lowest at -1.1503 hm 2 /cap; ten thousand yuan GDP ecological footprint of Suqian City was the highest at 0.3956 hm 2 /ten thousand yuan,and that of Wuxi City was the lowest at 0.1651 hm 2 /ten thousand yuan; (3) in Jiangsu Province,in the southern and middle Jiangsu areas,the building land and fossil energy land ecological footprint accounted for a considerable proportion. Whereas,in the northern Jiangsu area,the cultivated land and grassland ecological footprint contributed more to the whole ecological footprint; (4) the spatial distribution of per capita ecological footprint was in accordance with the ecological deficit,characteristically higher in the south and lower in the north,which was opposite to the ecological carrying capacity distribution. The spatial character of the ten thousand yuan GDP ecological footprint was higher in southern Jiangsu and lo

关 键 词：生态足迹 生态承载力 国家公顷 空间特征 江苏省 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]