德国刑法中的双重罪过立法及其对我国的借鉴意义  

Legislation of Double Culpability in Germany's Criminal Law and Its Referential Value to China's Legislation

作　　者：苏永生[1] Su Yongsheng

机构地区：[1]河北大学政法学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《法学杂志》2018年第12期19-27,共9页Law Science Magazine

摘　　要：德国刑法中的双重罪过立法主要是指罪过由对行为的故意与对结果的过失组合而成的故意犯罪的立法,主要分布在公共危险之犯罪中,共涉及20余个罪名。双重罪过立法严格贯彻了明确性原则、责任主义和刑罚个别化,体现了较为鲜明的法治立场。我国刑法总则把罪过形式的判断根据明确限定为"危害社会的结果",但分则对部分犯罪的罪过形式规定不明确,致使难以解释抽象危险犯的罪过形式,在侵害犯和具体危险犯上难以贯彻责任主义,同时无法消除罪过形式解释上的混乱。从德国刑法中的双重罪过立法来看,在完善我国刑法中的罪过立法时,不仅应当满足判断罪过形式的实际需要,更应当注重贯彻法治对刑法的基本要求,同时还应坚持刑法文本的逻辑性和适度性。The legislation of double culpability in Germany's criminal law mainly refers to the legislation of intentional crime with the culpability composed of intention to act and negligence to consequence,which exists mainly in the crime of endangering or threatening public safety,involving more than 20 specific crimes totally.The legislation of double culpability strictly implements principle of clarity,responsibility doctrine and individualization of penalty,so embodies the more distinct stand on rule of law.In the general provisions of China's Criminal Code,the basis for judging culpability form is limited to "the harmful consequence to society",but in the specific provisions,the culpability form of partial crimes are not stipulated unclearly,which leads to difficulties in interpreting the culpability form of abstract dangerous offense and implementing responsibility doctrine in actual damage offense and specific dangerous offense,at the same time, leads to the impossibility to eliminate the confusion in interpreting culpability form.Looking from the legislation of double culpability in Germany's criminal law,when perfecting the legislation of culpability in China's criminal law,not only the actual requirement for judging culpability form should be met,but also the basic requirement of rule of law to criminal law should be put into effect;meanwhile,the logicality and appropriateness of criminal law's text should be upheld.

关 键 词：《德国刑法典》 双重罪过立法 明确性原则 责任主义 刑罚个别化 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] DD914