再生水灌溉对土壤和蔬菜多环芳烃含量影响研究  

Effect of reclaimed water irrigation on the concentration of PAHs in topsoil and vegetables

作　　者：李艳 楼春华 杨胜利 黄俊雄 张蕾 刘洪禄 LI Yan;LOU Chunhua;YANG Shengli;HUANG Junxiong;ZHANG Lei;LIU Honglu(Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute,Beijing 100048,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center for Non-Conventional Water Resources Utilization and Water Saving,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市水科学技术研究院,100048 [2]北京市非常规水资源开发利用与节水工程技术研究中心,100048

出　　处：《北京水务》2018年第6期13-19,共7页Beijing Water

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51339007):再生水灌溉对系统性能与环境介质的影响及其调控机制;国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0403105):城郊高效安全节水灌溉技术典范示范;北京市博士后工作经费资助项目(2017-ZZ-093):不同水氮管理对土壤氮素迁移和作用生长影响研究

摘　　要：为探讨再生水灌溉对土壤和蔬菜多环芳烃PAHs质量分数的影响,开展了再生水、清水和交替灌溉第3种处理的设施蔬菜灌溉试验。利用气相色谱-质谱仪分析得到了土壤和蔬菜中16种PAHs质量分数,结果表明:表层土壤的PAHs质量分数为0.20～0.59 mg/kg。与清水灌溉相比,总体上再生水灌溉没有显著影响表层土壤的PAHs质量分数(P>0.05)。表层土样PAHs各检测组分中,菲质量分数最高,占总量的13.4%～28.9%,其次为苯并(b)荧蒽和荧蒽,分别占总量的8.9%～20.5%和7.8%～14.7%。表层土壤10种PAHs的质量分数为0.14～0.37 mg/kg,远低于荷兰土壤质量标准(10种干预值为40.00 mg/kg)。蔬菜中PAHs主要组分为菲、萘和荧蒽,茄子、豆角、塔菜花、胡萝卜、甘蓝和黄瓜中的16种PAHs质量分数分别为0.20～0.23、 0.33～0.37、 0.20～0.24、 0.11～0.14、 0.29～0.34和0.15～0.33 mg/kg。与清水灌溉相比,再生水灌溉没有显著影响蔬菜PAHs质量分数(P>0.05),蔬菜对PAHs的迁移系数为0.29～1.49,迁移能力由强到弱排序为甘蓝、豆角、茄子、塔菜花、胡萝卜和黄瓜。本研究条件下,再生水灌溉未引起表层土壤和各蔬菜PAHs污染风险。In order to find out the effect of reclaimed water irrigation on the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) of topsoil and vegetables, a field experiment was conducted at Tongzhou Experimental Base in 2015～2016. There were three treatments, including reclaimed water irrigation, alternative irrigation, and irrigation with groundwater. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to detect 16 kinds of PAHs in topsoil and vegetables samples. Results showed that the concentrations of 16 kinds of PAHs in topsoil were 0.20 ～ 0.59 mg/kg. There were no significant effects of reclaimed water irrigation on the concentrations of PAHs in topsoil compared with those of irrigation with groundwater(P>0.05). Phenanthrene was the most abundant contaminant in topsoil, accounting for 13.4%～28.9% of the total PAHs, followed by benzo [b] fluoranthene and fluoranthene with 8.9% ～20.5% and 7.8% ～14.7%, respectively. The sums of 10 kinds of PAHs in topsoil(0.14 ～ 0.37 mg/kg) were below the intervention value(40.00 mg/kg) proposed by Netherlands. Concentrations of 16 PAHs in eggplant, long bean, pagoda cauliflower, carrot, purple cabbage,and cucumber were 0.20 ～0.23, 0.33 ～0.37, 0.20 ～0.24, 0.11 ～0.14, 0.29 ～0.34, and 0.15 ～0.33 mg/kg, respectively. There were no significant differences for the concentrations of PAHs in the same variety among the three treatments(P>0.05). The most abundant contaminants in vegetables were phenanthrene, naphthalene,and fluoranthene. The bioaccumulation factors(BCF) of PAHs for vegetables were 0.29～1.49, in which the BCF of purple cabbage was highest, followed by long bean, eggplant, pagoda cauliflower, carrot and cucumber. In this study, reclaimed water irrigation didn’t cause PAHs pollution risk in topsoil and vegetables.

关 键 词：再生水灌溉 多环芳烃 土壤 蔬菜 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]