生物炭的10年土壤培肥效应  

A 10-year field experiment on biochar amendment: effects on soil fertility

作　　者：史思伟 娄翼来[1] 杜章留[1] 王芊[1] 韩硕 张庆忠[1] SHI Si-wei;LOU Yi-lai;DU Zhang-liu;WANG Qian;HAN Shuo;ZHANG Qing-zhong(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultaral Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2018年第6期16-22,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31570439);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(BSRF201715)

摘　　要：大量短期的室内试验和田间试验研究表明,施用生物炭可以增加土壤碳固定,提升土壤肥力和作物产量,然而关于生物炭的长期土壤肥力效应尚不明确。为此,依托持续10年的生物炭的田间定位试验[4个处理:对照(CK)、生物炭4. 5 t·hm-2·年-1(B4. 5)、生物炭9 t·hm-2·年-1(B9. 0)、秸秆还田(SR)],研究了长期施用生物炭对土壤肥力状况的影响。结果显示,与对照相比,长期施用生物炭和秸秆还田对土壤p H值没有显著影响,但容重降低了2. 2%～8. 2%,施用生物炭的土壤电导率降低了1. 5%～7. 8%,而秸秆还田处理土壤电导率提高了4. 7%～13. 4%。施炭和秸秆还田使土壤有机质(SOM)含量增加57. 7%～123. 1%,总氮含量提高11. 3%～21. 9%,总磷没有显著性变化。不同处理土壤NH+4-N含量的差异不显著,而施用生物炭和秸秆还田土壤NO-3-N含量增加3. 8%～67. 1%,且高炭处理的效果显著。土壤有效磷含量显著降低了23. 1%～42. 0%,速效钾含量上升了2. 0%～23. 1%。总体而言,长期施用生物炭提升了土壤肥力,尤其是对土壤有机质的提升有显著的效果。A large number of short-term laboratory and field trails show that biochar amendment can increase soil carbon sequestration,improve soil fertility and crop yields.However,little is known about its long-term effect on soil fertility.Therefore,the aim of this study was to assess the long-term effect of biochar amendments on soil fertility based on a 10-year field experiment.Four treatments were set up:control (CK),biochar 4.5t·hm^-2·yr^-1(B4.5),biochar 9.0t ·hm^-2·yr^-1 (B9.0)and straw retention (SR).Results showed that biochar treatments and straw retention did not significantly affect soil pH,but decreased soil bulk .density by 2.2%-8.2%,soil conductivity was decreased sharply by 1.5%-7.8%with increasing application rates in biochar treatments,and was increased by 4.7%-13.4%in straw retention,respectively compared to control.Soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents were enhanced by 57.7%-123.1%and by 11.3%-21.9%, respectively,and total phosphorus content did not significantly change under the biochar and straw treatments.Soil ammonium (NH4^+-N)content did not show significant difference between the treatments,but nitrate (NO3^--N)content was increased by 3.8%-67.1%under the biochar and straw treatments and this difference was statistically significant under the higher biochar application rate.The biochar and straw treatments significantly reduced soil available phosphorus content by 23.1%- 42.0%,but increased available potassium content by 2.0%-23.1%.In general,the long-term biochar application en- hanced soil fertility,especially significantly increased soil organic matter.

关 键 词：生物炭 土壤肥力 长期试验 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]