社会企业竞合活动及其合法性演进研究  

A Study on Social Enterprise's Competitive Activities and Legitimation Evolution

作　　者：胥思齐 席酉民[2,1] Xu Siqi;Xi Youmin(School of Management,Xi'an Jiaotong University;Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学管理学院 [2]西交利物浦大学

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2018年第6期156-170,共15页Nankai Business Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71232014、71772152、71872145)资助.

摘　　要：本文基于社会企业分类文献,选取了国内6家典型社会企业进行案例分析,通过整合制度理论和组织生态学,探索了社会企业与利益相关者在竞合互动中获取合法性的完整过程和深层机制。研究发现,社会企业具有同时合法化单个组织(行业)并塑造利益相关者认知边界的双重合法性目标,通过采取有限的竞合活动,社会企业以规范同构实现了个体合法化,并在此基础上结合生态位构建实现了组织合法化;通过采取割裂的竞合活动,社会企业以模仿同构辅以竞争同构或内生种群结构达成了行业合法化;通过采取动态整合的竞合活动,社会企业以模仿同构和自反同构走向了场域合法化。本文提出与利益相关者竞合互动影响合法化过程的机制模型,识别了社会企业合法化过程各阶段及获取的相应合法性类型,并填补了本土情境研究的空白。Along with the increasing market failure,government failure and voluntary failure around the world,an emerging trend of social enterprise which crosses the boundary between public and private sec- tor has not only take a prominent role in developed economies such as America and European Union,but also gradually prospers in China. The survival and growth of social enterprise requires support and re- source from stakeholders,while they face great challenges in obtaining external legitimacy because of their dual purpose of social mission and profitability.Social enterprise lacks a mature organizational form for stakeholders'understanding and evaluation,thus they have to simultaneously legitimate individual organization (industry)and achieve stakeholders'recognition of the emerging social categorization.Based on theoretical classification,this paper selects six typical Chinese social enterprises and conducts a multi-case analysis to explore the complete process and underlying mechanism that social enterprises obtain legitimacy during interactions with stakeholders from theoretical integration of institutional theory and organization ecology perspective.The study finds that social enterprises aim at legitimizing single entity or industry and shaping stakeholders'cognitive boundary simultaneously.There- fore,by adopting constrained cooperation and competition activities, social enterprises use normative isomorphism to achieve personal legitimation and combining ecological niche construction,social enterprises achieve organizational legitimation.By adopting fragmented coop-eration-dominant or competition-dominant activities,social enterprises use mimic isomorphism supplemented by competitive isomorphism or population structure creation to obtain industry legitimation.By adopt- ing dynamically integrated eoopetition activities,social enterprises use mimic isomorphism and reflexive isomorphism to reach field legitimation.Theoretically,this paper proposes a mechanism model that the coopetition with stakeholders influences

关 键 词：社会企业 合法性 合法化 竞合 合作与竞争 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]