哈尔滨学生社交焦虑的变化趋势及母亲因素对其影响的追踪调查  

Follow-up study on the trends and maternal factors for students′ social anxiety in Harbin

作　　者：李洪杰[1] 钞虹[1] 弓箭[1] 钱学艳[1] 金佰明[1] 万思源[1] 李刚[1] 王忆军[2] LI Hong-jie;CHAO Hong;GONG Jian;QIAN Xue-yan;JIN Bai-ming;WAN Si-yuan;LI Gang;WANG Yi-jun(Qiqihar Medical University,Qiqihar,Heilongjiang 161006,China;Harbin Medical University, Harbin,Heilongjiang 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔医学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]哈尔滨医科大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2019年第1期30-33,共4页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：齐齐哈尔医学院青年基金项目(QY2017Q-12)

摘　　要：目的研究母亲行为对学生社交焦虑产生及发展的影响,为母亲及时改善教育方式以降低儿童社交焦虑发生率提供适当的建议。方法2009年4月随机抽取哈尔滨市某区三所小学校的3~5年级学生进行为期4年的追踪调查,并从中筛选三次调查均为母子匹配的217对作为此次研究对象。结果2009、2011、2013年学生社交焦虑总体均值分别为5.19±3.45、4.81±3.94、5.83±3.92。结果显示女生、非独生、母亲焦虑是其子女易患社交焦虑症的危险因素(OR=1.687、1.717、1.587,P<0.05),回归系数分别为0.523、0.541、0.462;父母不争吵是其子女易患社交焦虑症的保护因素(OR=0.408,P<0.05),回归系数为-0.896。分析结果显示矛盾型依恋、母亲心理控制是其子女易患焦虑症表现的危险因素(OR=2.383、2.842,P<0.05),回归系数分别为0.868、1.044,母亲接纳是其子女易患焦虑症表现的保护因素(OR=0.458,P<0.05),回归系数为-0.780。结论母亲对学生心理控制程度过高、接纳程度过低以及母亲的焦虑情绪均可对学生社交焦虑的发生及发展起到一定的作用。Objective To investigate the effect of maternal behaviors on social anxiety of students,in order to provide appropriate suggestions for reducing social anxiety. Method A total of 217 matched pairs of mother and their childrenfrom the third grade to the fifth grade were selected as participants from three primary schools of Harbin in April 2009.Results The average scores of social anxiety in 2009,2011,2013 were 5.19±3.45,4.81±3.94 and 5.83±3.92,respective-ly.Girls,non-only child,quarrel and maternal anxiety were risk factors for social anxiety in children(OR=1.687,1.717,1.587,P<0.05),with the regression coefficients of 0.523,0.541 and 0.462,respectively.While the situation of parentswithout quarrels was a protective factor for social anxiety in children(OR=0.408,P<0.05),with the regression coefficientof-0.896.Moreover,ambivalent attachment and maternal psychological control were risk factors for maternal anxiety(OR=2.383,2.842,P<0.05),while maternal acceptance was a protective factor for maternal anxiety(OR=0.458,P<0.05). Conclusion High maternal psychological control,low acceptance and maternal anxiety play a key role in the occurrence and development of students′social anxiety.

关 键 词：社交焦虑 母子依恋 接纳 心理控制 母亲焦虑 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]