生物预警对农村饮用水安全的重要作用  

Important role of bio-warning in drinking water safety in rural areas

作　　者：毕华[1] 钟嶷[1] 王德东[1] 孙丽丽[1] 黄仁德[1] 黎晓彤[1] BI Hua;ZHONG Yi;WANG De-dong;SUN Li-li;HUANG Ren-de;LI Xiao-tong(Department of Drinking Water Hygiene,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou,Guangdoag 510440,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心饮用水卫生科,广东广州510440

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2019年第1期109-111,共3页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

摘　　要：目的通过调查处理一起村民疑似农药集体中毒的突发卫生事件,探讨农村饮用水卫生安全问题的解决方法。方法确定病例,开展现场流行病学调查,查找污染物和污染源。采集水样进行水质常规指标、相关农药指标、总磷、总氮和尿素检测。紧急冲洗和处理受污染的蓄水池及输水管道。结果本次突发事件累计报告病例23例。农药指标未检出,管网末梢水中氟化物、耗氧量、挥发性酚类、总磷和总氮等项目超标。本次事件为村民违规接驳输水管,使农药和肥料混合物进入管网造成水质污染,引发村民集体中毒。结论农村饮用水供水设施简易,安全隐患多。农药品种的多样化和频繁更新使得实验室检出困难。只有加强供水设施投入和管理,并适当设置生物安全预警装置,才能从根本上解决农村饮用水安全问题。饲养斑马鱼可以起到较好的生物预警作用。Objective Through investigating and dealing with an emergent health event in which the residents in a rural village of Guangzhou were suspected to be poisoned by pesticide,so as to discuss the solution of rural drinking water's safety. Methods The cases were identified,and field epidemiological investigation was conducted to look for the pollutants and pollution sources.The water samples were collected to test the regular indices of water quality,related pesticide indexes,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and urea.Emergency flushing was conducted and the contaminated reservoirs and water pipelines were disposed.Results A total of 23 cases were reported.The pesticide index was not detected.Fluoride,oxygen consumption, volatile phenol,total phosphorus and total nitrogen exceeded the national limits of tap water.In this incident,the villagers' irregular operation in connecting water pipes made pesticide and fertilizer enter the pipe network and caused the collective poisoning.Conclusion The drinking water supply facilities in rural areas are simple with various hidden risks.The diversity and frequent updates of pesticide varieties make laboratory test unreliable.Strengthening the input and management of water supply facilities and properly setting up biological safety warning device can fundamentally solve the problems of rural drinking water.Zebrafish can provide ideal biological alarm in water pollution.

关 键 词：饮用水 农药 农村 生物监测 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]