“怎么V(p)”别解二题  

A Study on the Chinese Phrases“Zenme V(p)”That Inquires about Views or Prices

作　　者：王灿龙[1] Wang Canlong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2019年第1期43-57,共15页Chinese Teaching in the World

摘　　要：现代汉语中,"怎么"可用在"想"类动词之前问内容,用在"卖"类动词之前问价格。相对于"怎么"惯常的方式与原因之问,"怎么"问内容和问价格可视为"别解"。本文选取"想""看"和"卖"作为典型个案,考察和分析这类别解用法。文章认为,"怎么想"和"怎么卖"之所以能分别用来问内容和价格,主要是因为"方式"之问的客观基础不存在,或其动机受到抑制。比如人类目前对自己是如何"想"的,所知甚少,"想"的"方式"仍为"黑箱",这就没有问的价值。"卖"确有多种方式,但多是交易的常识或共识,不问便知;价格信息在交易行为中是重要信息,至为关键,它直接决定着"卖"的行为是否能够实施以及如何实施,因此,价格之问可以顺理成章地通过方式之问来达成。从本质上来说,"怎么""问内容"和"问价格"其实还是基于它所具有的"方式"之问的功能而来。In modern Chinese,certain verbs can be used with zenme (怎么)as an adverbial before them to inquire about the views of the listener(s)or the prices of the goods in oral communication,which is very different from the usual usage of zenme inquiring about the manner or reason.This paper chooses xiang (想)and mai (卖).as two typical cases,and makes a detailed investigation and analysis of the usage of the phrase to inquire about views or prices.At present,how people think on their own is so poorly understood that the way of thinking is still a "black box".That is,there is no need to inquire about the manner of the thinking.In this case ,zenme in zenme xiang can only be interpreted as inquiring about the views of the listener (s).As to the verb mai,there are a variety of ways of selling,but most of them are shared knowledge on the part of the buyer and the seller,which renders it unnecessary to ask for such information.Then price becomes the most important information for the buyer in the trade.When the buyer asks the seller the question zenme mai,the seller will infer that the buyer wants to know the price,not the manner of selling,because the manner is so obvious.In essence,however,the view-and price-inquiring zenme is actually based on its manner-inquiring function.

关 键 词：“怎么” 方式 问内容 问价格 语义分析 语用解释 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]