城市污泥和建筑垃圾混合基质对臭椿生长及重金属转移的影响  

Influences of growth media mixed from municipal raw sludge and construction waste on growth and heavy metal transferring of Ailanthus altissima

作　　者：刘丽娟 冷平生[1] 胡增辉[1] 张成梁[2] 杨杨 LIU Lijuan;LENG Pmgsheng;HU Zenghui;ZHANG Chenliang;YANG Yang(College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees,Beijing 102206,China;Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100095,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院园林学院,北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心,北京102206 [2]北京市科学技术研究院轻工业环境保护研究所,北京100095

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2018年第6期1390-1397,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(8132005);北京市属高等学校创新团队建设与教师职业发展计划项目(IDHT20180509)资助.

摘　　要：城市污泥与建筑垃圾是城镇主要固体废弃物,为促进其安全低成本的土地利用,采用盆栽方式,配置城市生污泥体积占比为0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%等6种生污泥与建筑垃圾混合基质,播种臭椿种子,分析混合基质的理化性状与植物当年生长量变化.结果显示,随着污泥含量增加,基质中黏粒含量、电导率、有机质、养分和重金属砷、镉、钴、铜、镍、锌含量显著增加,而铬、铅变化不大.污泥含量40%及以下的基质中各重金属含量均达到国家《土壤环境质量标准》旱地Ⅰ-Ⅱ级标准,污泥占比60%和80%基质中各重金属含量均达到III级标准.污泥含量为20%和40%的基质最适宜臭椿生长,植株干重比对照提高54.57%以上,高于40%则抑制臭椿生长,高比例污泥基质中臭椿萌发与生长差,基质黏粒含量高、透气透水性差是主要原因.臭椿根茎叶重金属含量及富集系数随着生长基质中重金属增加而增加,臭椿对镉的富集系数最大,在0.1-0.5之间,对锌、镍的富集系数次之,叶片对重金属的富集系数大多高于根茎.综合考虑植株生物量、重金属污染,未经前处理的生污泥与建筑垃圾直接混合成植物生长基质是完全可行的,生污泥占比为40%的混合基质适宜种植臭椿,臭椿对基质中的重金属具有较强的富集能力.Sewage sludge and construction waste are two major urban solid wastes. Because the implementation of their safe land use at low costs is a critical issue, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of growth media mixed from raw sewage sludge and construction waste on the growth and the ability to transfer heavy metals of Ailanthus altissima. In a pot experiment, A. altissima seeds were grown in 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% (volume/volume ratio) raw sewage sludge mixed with construction waste, and the physical and chemical properties of these substrates as well as the plant biomass were analyzed over the growth season. With the increase of the sludge content in growth media, the conductivity, clay, organic matter, nutrient, as well as As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn content of media increased significantly, while Cr and Pb content showed little change. In the media with ≤ 40% sludge, the content of all the heavy metals reached level Ⅰ-Ⅱ of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995), whereas it reached level Ⅲ in the media with 60% and 80% sludge. The media with 20% and 40% sludge were the most suitable for the A. altissima growth;seedling dry weight increased by more than 54.57% compared with that of the control. Media with more than 40% sludge inhibited seed germination and growth, mainly due to the high clay particle content, resulting in very poor air\water permeability. The content of heavy metals in leaves, stems, and roots of A. altissima, as well as their enrichment coefficients rose with the increase of heavy metal in the media. The enrichment coefficient of Cd by A. altissima was the highest (0.1–0.5), followed by Zn and Ni enrichment coefficients. The enrichment effects were greater in leaves than in roots and stems. It is completely feasible that raw sewage sludge without any pretreatment could be mixed directly with construction waste as a plant growth substrate. The media with 40% sludge was suitable for planting of A. altissima, and this tree species has a strong abili

关 键 词：城市污泥 生长基质 重金属富集 臭椿 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X705