环状RNA与血液系统恶性肿瘤的研究进展  

Research progress of circular RNA and its roles in hematological malignancies

作　　者：孙爱莲 张广森[1] 王业伟[1] Sun Ailian;Zhang Guangsen;Wang Yewei(Department of Hematology,Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University ,Changsha 410011, Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅二医院血液内科,长沙410001

出　　处：《国际输血及血液学杂志》2018年第6期520-524,共5页International Journal of Blood Transfusion and Hematology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81400130);湖南省自然科学基金(2016JJ3161).

摘　　要：环状RNA(circRNA)为一类广泛存在于生物界的内源性非编码RNA,其主要结构特征为包含封闭环状结构,不具有5′-、3′-末端与多聚腺苷酸尾结构。封闭环状结构使circRNA不易被RNA外切酶降解,以及避免腺苷酸脱支酶的脱帽效应,因此circRNA的结构与功能均稳定。目前研究发现,circRNA主要参与转录及转录后基因表达的调控,尤其可以作为微小RNA(miRNA)海绵,充当竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)调控靶基因的表达。circRNA直接或者间接参与骨髓造血发育及血液系统恶性肿瘤的发生、发展,因此其有望成为血液系统恶性肿瘤诊断的分子标志物与治疗靶点。为探讨circRNA与血液系统恶性肿瘤的恶性转化、疗效与预后之间关系,笔者拟就circRNA的分类、结构特征、生物学功能及其在骨髓造血发育及血液系统恶性肿瘤中作用的研究进展进行综述。Circular RNA (circRNA) is a group of widely existed endogenous non-coding RNA. Its main structural feature is closed covalently cyclic loops and lack of the 5′-end, the 3′-end, and poly (A) tail, which resistant to degradation by RNA exonucleases and avoid debranching by adenylate debranching enzymes. Therefore, circRNA is stable in structure and function. Recent researches have revealed that circRNA mainly participates in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, especially acts as microRNA (miRNA) sponge to regulate target gene expression as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA). circRNA is directly or indirectly involved in development of hematopoiesis in marrow and hematological malignancies, and is expected as a new diagnostic biomarker or molecular therapeutic target for hematological malignancies. In order to investigate relationships between circRNA and malignant transformation, therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of hematologic malignancies, this review summarizes the classification, characteristics, biological functions of circRNA and its role in hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies.

关 键 词：RNA 未翻译 微RNAS 血细胞生成 血液肿瘤 生物学标记 环状RNA 

分 类 号：R733[医药卫生—肿瘤]