环状RNA与人类神经系统疾病  

Circular RNAs and Neurological Disorders

作　　者：许飞 金磊[2] 聂志妍[1] 陈林军[2] 郑红[2] XU Fei;JIN Lei;NIE Zhi-yan;CHEN Lin-jun;ZHENG Hong(Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Shanghai University of Medical &Health Sciences,Shanghai 201318,China;Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine,Shanghai University of Medical &Health Sciences,Shanghai 201318,China)

机构地区：[1]上海健康医学院微生物与免疫教研室,中国上海201318 [2]上海健康医学院检验与检疫系,中国上海201318

出　　处：《生命科学研究》2018年第6期496-502,共7页Life Science Research

基　　金：2017年上海高校青年教师培养资助计划(ZZJK-YX16007);2017年上海健康医学院年种子基金资助项目(E3-0200-17-201127);2018年上海健康医学院创新创业课程建设项目(B1-0200-18-309006)

摘　　要：环状RNA (circular RNA, circRNA)是通过非经典剪接方式将RNA的3′和5′端通过共价键相连而形成的一种环形非编码RNA。circRNA的主要功能之一是作为微RNA (microRNA, miRNA)的"分子海绵",通过抑制miRNA的功能参与神经系统疾病、肿瘤、肥胖以及炎症等多种人类疾病的调节。越来越多的研究表明,circRNA在人类疾病过程中起着非常重要的作用,甚至可以作为疾病早期诊断的生物标记物之一。在此,文章主要对circRNA的生物合成、特性和功能做简单概述,并着重对circRNA在神经系统疾病中的研究进展予以综述。Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently discovered endogenous non-coding RNAs whose head 3′ and tail 5′ ends covalently bond together to result in a circular form. They have been shown to inhibit the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) as miRNA sponges in several diseases, particularly in inflammation, neurological diseases, cancer and atherosclerosis. Emerging evidences show that circRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases and even can act as a biomarker for early diagnosis of certain diseases. Herein, the biosynthesis, molecular characteristics and function of circRNAs were summarized, and the latest progress of circRNAs in the context of neurological diseases was highlighted.

关 键 词：环状RNA(circRNA) 非编码RNA(ncRNA) miRNA分子海绵 神经系统疾病 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]