中国民事执行制度变迁四十年  

Changes in China's Civil Execution System in the Past 40 Years

作　　者：黄忠顺 HUANG Zhong-shun(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100009China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100009

出　　处：《河北法学》2019年第1期15-32,共18页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目<中国强制执行法体系研究>(12JJD820012)

摘　　要：建国初期,民事诉讼案件数量较少、诉讼全程贯彻说服教育原则、社会风气较为淳朴、法院具有显著行政化乃至军事化色彩,债务人履行生效法律文书确定义务的积极性较高,立法机关以及最高人民法院供给执行规则的必要性不彰。改革开放四十年以来,进入执行程序的案件数量不断增长,法院难以在个案中投入足够充分的司法资源,西方价值观不断冲击传统文化,被执行人受经济利益驱使而不断更新规避逃避执行的手段,执行规则供给不足的弊端越来越明显。民事执行制度的形成及其变迁历程显示,最高人民法院通过司法解释及具有司法解释性质的其他规范性文件补充供给执行规则发挥了极为重要的功能,但亦存在着效力层级较低、涉嫌实质性造法、程序运行者制定程序规则等问题,立法机关应当尽快制定民事执行法。In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China,the number of civil litigation cases was small,persuasion and education principle was implemented in the whole process of litigation,the courts had significant administrative and even militarized colors,and the debtors were more motivated to fulfill the obligations established by the legal instrument in force.Therefore,the need for the legislature and the Supreme People's Court to provide enforcement rules is not obvious.Since the reform and opening-up policy was carried out 40 years ago,the number of cases entering the executive process has been growing.It is difficult for the court to invest sufficient judicial resources in every case.Western values have been continually impacting traditional culture,and the debtors are driven by economic interests to constantly update means of avoiding and escaping execution.The drawbacks of insufficient supply of enforcement rules are becoming more and more obvious.The formation of the civil execution system and its changing history show that the Supreme People's Court has played an extremely important role in supplementing the supply of execution rules by issuing a judicial interpretation and other normative documents.However,execution rules established by the Supreme People's Court face with many problems,such as low legal effect,violation of the original function of judicial interpretation,departmental protectionism.Therefore,the legislature should formulate the civil enforcement law as soon as possible.

关 键 词：改革开放 民事执行 制度变迁 债权人中心主义 基本解决执行难 

分 类 号：DF728[政治法律—诉讼法学]