大洋钻探五十年:回顾与前瞻  

Fifty years of scientific ocean drilling: Review and prospect

作　　者：汪品先[1] Pinxian Wang(State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology,School of Ocean and Earth Science,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学海洋与地球科学学院,海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第36期3868-3876,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：现代地质科学产生以来的两百多年里,二十世纪的六七十年代算得上是个英雄时期:以板块学说为标志的地学革命,横扫长期以来的陈旧观点,开创了地球科学的新纪元,而大洋钻探就是这场革命中的一面旗帜.世界各国将科技的精华集中到钻探船上,半个世纪来在世界各大洋深水底下钻井四千多口(图1),取芯四十多万米,从根本上改变了人类对地球的认识,扭转了地球科学发展的轨迹.从组织的角度看,大洋钻探也是国际科学史上的奇迹:一项由各国政府出资的基础研究国际计划,居然能历经50年而不衰,学术上的青春活力不减当年,相信其中必有缘故.Scientific ocean drilling since 1968 represents the longest-running and most successful international collaboration in Earth science. Over the 50 years, it drilled more than 3700 holes and recovered some 400000 m of cores from the global ocean, offering tremendous new insights into the way our Earth system works and continuing to revolutionize Earth science as a whole. Although China joined this program of international cooperation only in 1998, thirty years after its inception, it becomes one of the most active countries in the recent years largely through the implementation of successive drilling expeditions to the South China Sea. The present paper is an attempt to briefly review the half-century progress of the international ocean drilling programs and to provide an outlook for its future. As far as the deep-sea remains the science frontiers and drilling provides the unique tool of direct access to the deep sub-seafloor world, the program of international cooperation will continue and develop, yet its structure and performance will change. With the further progress in technology, for example, the long-term sea-floor observation will be incorporated into the program as a major component, and a new generation of drilling platform and tools will be needed. Geographically, ocean drilling program should cover many more new member countries. Driven by its rapidly developing economy, China is going to enhance its input into the international cooperation and to enter the leading core of international ocean drilling as a platform provider.

关 键 词：大洋钻探 地球科学发展 地质科学 板块学说 国际计划 基础研究 钻探船 科学史 

分 类 号：P756.5[天文地球—海洋科学]