知行合一的悖论与张力  

Unison of Knowing and Doing:A Paradox and Related Tensions

作　　者：马浩[1] Ma Hao(National School of Development,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学国家发展研究院,北京100871

出　　处：《外国经济与管理》2018年第12期46-54,70,共10页Foreign Economics & Management

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(16JJD630001).

摘　　要：知行合一乃是一种广受推崇和倡导的理想境界。但对其具体的解读与践行却是众说纷纭、莫衷一是。基于国际主流管理学研究社区知识与学习的相关文献的启发,本文对知行合一在现象与实质两个维度上进行了定义,论证了知行合一作为一种悖论所充满的矛盾与张力,并提出了对知行合一进行进一步学术研究所必须聚焦的一系列相关问题。鉴于人的有限理性在学习、思考、认知和行为等方面的客观存在与真实表现,本文认为知行合一通常既不可能亦无必要。在学徒时认真学习并构建持续学习能力,在出师后的管理实践中不断增进学习能力并在行动中进行思考与即兴发挥,此乃各类管理决策者所应表现的常态。Unison of knowing and doing promises to be an ideal situation desired by the intelligentsia in general and management decision makers in particular.This is especially true in China where the intelligentsia prides itself in self-reflection and pursuit of informed life and career.However, despite of the fanciness and allure of the unison ideal,neither has its definition been accurately specified nor its measures actually operationalized.Theorists and practitioners alike remain confused and perplexed regarding its interpretation and practice. What are the indicators and measures of knowing,doing,and their unison,respectively?To what extent does unison or oneness allow for gaps and discrepancies between knowing and doing?What is the evidence that unison of knowing and doing could enhance performance?Is the effect of unison omnipresent and always applicable?In what context is the effect of such unison most relevant and prevalent? How will the uncertainty and complexity affect the realization and function of unison?These are questions worthy of careful investigation and examination. Based on the literature in the mainstream management research community in the world,this article attempts to come up with a working definition for this unison,explore its paradoxical nature and underlying tensions,and raise a series of research questions if scholarly efforts are to be applied toward this topic and phenomenon.Building on the basic premise of bounded rationality,this paper argues that unison of knowing and doing is but an ideal,unattainable and unnecessary to most people under most situations,except for craftsmanship for repeated tasks and project management m precnctame ana staot~ environment. Overall,there exist strong tensions between knowing and doing,between thinking and acting,and between learning and practicing.While people often intentionally seek to balance and mingle the knowing,thinking,and learning part with the doing,acting,and practicing part,the two parts do indeed remain separate and gaps could exist in varyi

关 键 词：知行合一 知与不行合一 知与行的主体 知识 学习 思考 管理悖论 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]