孕妇不同孕期膳食营养状况及其与孕期增重的关系研究  

MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL STATUS DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF PREGNANCY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN

作　　者：李宜静 罗惠萍[1] 唐莺[1] 郭锦梅 李艳会 毛丽梅[1] LI Yi-jing;LUO Hui-ping;TANG Ying;GUO Jin-mei;LI Yan-hui;MAO Li-mei(Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,广州510515

出　　处：《营养学报》2018年第6期559-563,共5页Acta Nutrimenta Sinica

基　　金：中国营养学会妇幼营养分会"孕期体重增长适宜值的多中心队列研究"项目

摘　　要：目的分析深圳市孕妇的膳食营养状况及其与孕期增重的关系。方法以孕12 w以内健康初产妇为研究对象,前瞻性追踪调查孕期膳食情况、体质量变化等资料,获得421份有效问卷进行分析。结果本调查孕妇孕早、晚期的能量和蛋白质未达到推荐摄入量,孕期平均脂肪供能比超过推荐范围上限,孕早、中、晚期的硫胺素、核黄素、钙、铁、硒、镁、膳食纤维均未达到推荐摄入量。孕期增重与能量、产能营养素、B族维生素、钙等摄入有关,孕早期每增加1g/d的蛋白质摄入,发生孕期增重不足的风险降低2.5%,孕早期能量摄入不足的孕妇发生孕期增重不足的风险是摄入充足孕妇的2.5倍。结论本调查孕妇膳食能量和产能营养素摄入不合理,硫胺素、核黄素等微量营养素未达到推荐摄入水平,孕早期的蛋白质摄入水平降低或能量摄入不足可显著增加孕期增重不足的发生风险,应加强孕妇孕期的营养健康教育,改善不合理的饮食习惯。Objective To investigate the nutritional status during pregnancy and explore its relationship with maternal weight gain. Methods We prospectively followed up a group of healthy pregnant women for their dietary status and weight changes during the initial 12 weeks gestation, and eventually collected 421 valid questionnaires. Results The maternal intakes of energy or protein during their first and third trimesters did not reach the recommended level. The intakes of thiamine, riboflavin, calcium, iron, selenium, magnesium, and dietary fiber of each trimester were lower than the recommended level. But, the contributing rate of fat to total energy was higher than the recommendation. There was a link between maternal weight gain and the intakes of energy, energy-supplying nutrients, B vitamins, calcium, etc. For every 1 g/d increase in protein intake during the first trimester, the risk of insufficient weight gain during pregnancy reduced by 2.5%. Women with inadequate energy intake during the first trimester were 2.5 times more possible to have insufficient weight gain than those with adequate energy intake. Conclusion Results of current study demonstrate the inadequacy of the intakes of energy and energy-supplying nutrients. The intakes of some micronutrients like thiamine and riboflavin were significantly insufficient. Women encounter relatively much more risk for being under-weight pregnancy with inadequate intakes of protein or energy. Hence, a considerable step needs to be taken to provide more prenatal nutritional assessments and counselling in practice.

关 键 词：孕期膳食营养 孕期增重 追踪调查 

分 类 号：R153.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]