从补救到多元:美国高等教育促进入学机会平等的理念变迁  

From Remedy to Diversity:Concept Shift of Advancing Equal Access Opportunity in U.S.Higher Education

作　　者：申素平 王俊 SHEN Su-ping;WANG Jun(School of Education,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Graduate School of Education,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872 [2]北京外国语大学国际教育学院,北京100089

出　　处：《高等教育研究》2018年第11期97-103,共7页Journal of Higher Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(教育学)一般课题(BFA180071)

摘　　要：以民权运动酝酿阶段为起始,美国开始实施积极差别待遇录取政策,以促进高等教育入学机会平等。纵观长达半个世纪的发展历程,该政策理念呈现出从补救性到多元化的逻辑变迁,即从补救历史歧视造成的影响到促成学生群体的多元化。这种变迁是高等教育与司法审查博弈的结果,其价值在于:体现了高等教育治理公共政策范式转型,为追求教育机会实质平等提供新的路径,利于培养民主的公共文化并促进社会融合。Since the initial stage of Civil Right movement,higher education in United States started to promote equal access opportunity,with application of affirmative action admission policy as the mainline.Throughout the half century development process,the policy concept presented a logic shift from remedy to diversity,namely from remedying effect caused by history discrimination to student body diversity advancement.Such shift was the result of gaming between higher education and judicial review,showing the transformation of higher education governance public policy,pursuing substantive equality and promoting social integration.

关 键 词：高等教育 入学机会 多元化理念 积极差别待遇 联邦最高法院 

分 类 号：G649.1[文化科学—高等教育学]