空气污染会影响企业创新吗?  

Does Air Pollution Affect Enterprise Innovation?

作　　者：罗能生[1] 徐铭阳 王玉泽[1] Luo Nengsheng;Xu Mingyang;Wang Yuze(School of Economics and Trade,Hunan University)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学经济与贸易学院,410079

出　　处：《经济评论》2019年第1期19-32,共14页Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"交通污染排放的社会外部性及其对公共健康的影响研究"(项目编号:17ZDA081);湖南省国际经济与国际工程管理研究中心基金项目"对外直接投资对母国收入差距的影响效应研究(项目编号:17IEPM05);湖南省国际经济与国际工程管理研究中心基金项目"企业对外直接投资的环境约束效应及推进机制研究"(项目编号:17IEPM04)的资助

摘　　要：近年来,我国空气污染问题日益突出,在绿色生产和创新驱动背景下探究空气污染与企业创新之间的内在联系变得愈加重要。本文利用世界银行2012年中国企业调查数据,将其与城市层面的空气污染数据进行匹配,分别讨论了空气污染对企业工艺创新、管理创新和研发投入的影响。研究发现:空气污染通过"工艺创新补偿效应"与"管理创新补偿效应"对工艺创新和管理创新产生正向影响;而由于"资金挤出效应"与"人力资源损失效应"的存在,空气污染对企业研发投入产生负向影响。进一步研究表明,在企业生产率、企业所在地市场化程度、企业所在城市规模不同时,空气污染对企业创新的影响存在差异。本文的研究结论有助于为企业谋求"绿色发展"提供理论指导和决策依据。In recent years,the problem of air pollution has become increasingly prominent in China. Thus,it is of increasingly significance to explore the internal connection between air pollution and enterprise innovation in the context of green production and innovation-driven development.In this paper,the World Bank Survey of Chinese Enterprises in 2012 is used to match the air pollution data at the city level and the impact of air pollution on process innovation,management innovation and R&D investment of enterprises is discussed respectively. We find that air pollution has a positive impact on process innovation and management innovation because of"process innovation compensation effect"and"management innovation compensation effect".But due to the "crowding out effect of capital"and "the loss effect of human resources",air pollution has a negative impact on R&D investment. Further research shows that with different corporate productivity,marketization degree and scale of location,the impact of air pollution on enterprise innovation varies.The conclusion is helpful to provide theoretical guidance and decision basis for enterprises which are seeking for the green development.

关 键 词：空气污染 企业创新 绿色生产 转型升级 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F273.1[经济管理—企业管理]