土地利用、人口密度及海拔对城市热岛的影响  

On impacts of land use, population density and altitude on the urban heat island

作　　者：王刚[1,2,3] 张秋平 肖荣波[2] 管东生 WANG Gang;ZHANG Qiu-ping;XIAO Rong-bo;GUAN Dong-sheng(School of Management,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510520,China;School of Life Science,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science,Guangzhou 510045,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学管理学院,广东广州510520 [2]广东省环境科学研究院,广东广州510045 [3]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510275 [4]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《云南大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第1期82-90,共9页Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：广州市科技计划(201707010142);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2012BAC13B01)

摘　　要：以广州市为研究区域,利用Landsat 8影像反演获取地表温度和土地利用数据,分析城市地表温度与土地利用及其景观格局、人口密度、海拔之间的定量关系,以期揭示影响城市热岛的关键因素.结果表明:城市地表温度与不同土地利用类型面积占比、人口密度和海拔均极显著相关;逐步回归分析发现,生态用地(包括森林和湿地)面积占比、城镇建设用地面积占比和海拔是影响研究区域的热岛效应的关键因素;除少数选取的景观格局指数外,不同土地利用景观格局指数与地表温度显著相关,而逐步回归分析发现城镇聚集度指数、城镇边界密度、城镇分割度和森林分割度是影响城市热岛效应空间格局的关键影响因素.因此,在城市规划过程中,应尽量保留连片的自然生态用地特别是森林用地,避免对其自然边界的线性切割,同时实施多中心城市开发战略,避免连片城市开发,将有利于缓解城市热岛效应.Urban heat island(UHI) has been mostly observed as urbanization accelerated. UHI are closely affected by land use types and their landscape pattern, population, and geological conditions(altitude). Land surface temperature(LST) and land use types of Guangzhou were retrieved by using Landsat-8 images, and altitude was extracted by using Digital Elevation Model(DEM). Landscape indicators of different towns and streets were calculated based on the landscape ecological methodologies, as population-related data collated from statistical yearbook. This paper focused on the impacting mechanism of UHI from the three aspects including population, altitude, and changes of land use types and their landscape patterns exemplified by Guangzhou. We founded that LST was significantly correlated with population density, altitude and proportions of different land use types. Moreover, LST was critically affected by three key factors such as ecological-land cover, constructedland cover and altitude as stepwise regression analysis used. It indicated that altitude should be taken into consideration when affecting factors of UHI discussed. Also, increasing proportion of constructed-land cover would strengthen the intensity of UHI, while increasing proportion of ecological-land cover would decrease the intensity of UHI. Except for some landscape indicators, most of landscape indicators of different landscape indicators were significantly correlated with LST. Stepwise regression analysis showed that LST was mainly controlled by aggregation index(AI), edge density(ED) and landscape division index(DIVISION) of constructedland use type and also obviously affected by DIVISION of forest. As urban planning in the future, a better proportion and spatial pattern of different land use types(especially forest and constructed land use types) should be comprehensively and systematically taken into consideration in order to mitigate the UHI effect, as topological factors such as altitude should betaken into consideration.

关 键 词：城市热岛 地表温度 土地利用 景观格局 人口 海拔 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]