从蒸馏罐看湖南桂阳桐木岭遗址炼锌技术  

From the Distillation Tank to Study Zinc Smelting Technology in Tongmuling Site,Guiyang County,Hunan Province

作　　者：周文丽[1] 罗胜强 莫林恒 陈建立[4] Zhou Wenli;Luo Shengqiang;Mo Linheng;Chen Jianli

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所 [2]湖南郴州市博物馆 [3]湖南省文物考古研究所 [4]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《南方文物》2018年第3期165-173,共9页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：中国科学院自然科学史研究所"科技知识的创造与传播"项目课题<中国古代坩埚冶炼技术研究>(Y621011003);中国科学院青年促进会项目<晚期中国铜器调研>(Y624012001)

摘　　要：本文通过对蒸馏罐和炉渣的显微组织和化学成分的分析,结合考古发现和文献记载,详细复原桐木岭清代炼锌遗址的炼锌技术。分析发现,桐木岭蒸馏罐各个部位设计合理,冶炼罐可以重复使用;该遗址主要使用含铅的硫化锌矿,焙烧不彻底,也使用可以直接冶炼的氧化锌矿;蒸馏罐在炼锌炉中摆放规范,冶炼和冷凝温度控制较好,技术效率较高。该研究对更好地认识中国古代炼锌技术具有重要的意义。This paper carried out microscopic observation and chemical analyses of retorts and slag from Tongmuling zinc smelting site of the Qing Dynasty.From the analyses,archaeological finds and historical records,zinc smelting technology of Tongmuling was reconstructed in great detail.The results show that every part of retorts from Tongmuling was well designed,and the pots could have been reused;this site mainly used sulphidic zinc ore with some lead,which was not fully roasted,and some oxidic zinc ore was also directly used;the retorts were properly loaded in the furnaces,the temperatures of smelting and condensation were well controlled and the techology was quite efficient.This research is of great significance to better understanding of the zinc smelting technology in ancient China.

关 键 词：炼锌 蒸馏罐 硫化锌矿 焙烧 蒸馏 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]