浅析中国古代生铁冶炼中的磷  

Simple Analysis on the Phosphorus of Cast Iron Smelting in Ancient China

作　　者：张周瑜 陈建立[2] 潜伟[1] Zhang Zhouyu;Chen Jianli;Qian Wei

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学科学技术史与文化遗产研究院 [2]北京大学考古文文博学院

出　　处：《南方文物》2018年第3期196-211,186,共17页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目<东北亚古代铁器传播的技术观察>(16BKG022)和重大项目<先秦时期中原与边疆地区冶金手工业考古资料整理与研究>(17ZDA219)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：磷在钢铁制品中的化合形式复杂多样,贯穿整个钢铁冶炼流程,影响钢铁制品的使用性能。目前其在钢铁制品中磷的化合物的形成机理研究尚显薄弱,且存在较多疑问,如在冶炼过程中的转移与变形尚不明确等问题。本文通过分析山东章丘东平陵、河南鲁山望城岗和黄楝树三处冶铁遗址的炉渣和积铁样品,探讨各遗址存在的冶炼技术,并对古代生铁、块炼铁、炒钢冶炼过程与不同遗物中金属铁的浮凸组织、磷共晶组织的形成机理及磷的转移过程进行较为深入的分析。该研究深化了磷在冶炼过程中作用的认识,并为判断古代冶铁操作提供参考。The chemical combination forms of phosphorus in iron and steel products are complex and diversified throughout the whole iron and steel smelting process,which affect their performance.However,research on the formation mechanism of phosphorus compounds in iron and steel products is still weak,leaving many questions including their reformation and deformation during process.This paper analysed slag and salamander samples from three iron smelting sites,Dongpingling(Zhangqiu,Shandong),Wangchenggang and Huanglianshu(Lushan,Henan)to discuss their smelting technologies.We tried to explain and articulate the formation,deformation and reformation of phosphorus, steadite, phosphide and phosphate in different stages of iron making processes,such as cast iron,bloomery iron and puddling steel.This reseach would deepen the understanding of phosphorus in smelting process and give a reference for distinguishing the operation of the ancient iron smelting process.

关 键 词：磷 冶铁 磷共晶 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]