从汉语方言极大声调库藏看声母对声调的影响  

The Impact of Initials on Tones in Largest Tone Inventories across Chinese Dialects

作　　者：冉启斌[1] 顾倩[2] RAN Qi-bin;GU Qian(College of Chinese language and Culture,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;School of International Exchange,Tianjin Foreign Studies University,Tianjin 300204,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学汉语言文化学院,天津300071 [2]天津外国语大学国际交流学院,天津300204

出　　处：《语言研究》2019年第1期7-14,共8页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"类型学视野下的汉语极限调系调查与研究"(12CYY059)

摘　　要：通过汉语方言极大声调库藏的声调音高表现,看到声母性质影响声调音高存在5种类型。汉语方言声调音高主要受声母的历史性质因素的影响;声母对后接元音音高的降低效力按全浊声母>次浊声母>次清声母>全清声母递减;声调音高按声母性质发生的清浊分化、全清次清分化、全浊次浊分化分属不同的层次。声母影响后接元音音高在有久远历史的声调语言中和非声调语言中可能有不同的表现。As the pitch data in largest tone inventories across Chinese dialects show, initials influence tone pitches in 5 ways. Based on our analysis, some conclusions can be described as following:(1)The synchronic tone pitches are mainly influenced by historical origins;(2)Initial effect on pitches of the following vowels descends in this order: Quanzhuo(usually regarded as full voiced obstruents originally) initials>Cizhuo(usually sonorants) initials>Ciqing initials(usually aspirated obstruents)>Quanqing(usually plain obstruents) initials;(3)The differentiations caused by Qing-Zhuo, Quanqing-Ciqing and Quanzhuo-Cizhuo, are subject to different hierarchical levels.(4) Initial effects on pitches of following vowels in languages with a very long history may differ from those in non-tonal languages.

关 键 词：汉语方言 极大声调库藏 声母 声调 

分 类 号：H116[语言文字—汉语]