合肥话舌尖元音的摩擦性质及感知增强理论解读  

The Frication Property of Apical Vowels in Hefei Chinese and Its Perceptual Enhancement Account

作　　者：孔慧芳 吴生毅 李明兴 KONG Hui-fang;WU Sheng-yi;LI Ming-xing(School of Foreign Languages,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei Anhui 230022,China;Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;Department of English Language and Literature,Hong Kong Baptist University,Hong Kong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学外国语学院,合肥230022 [2]复旦大学中文系,上海200433 [3]香港浸会大学英国语言文学系,香港999077

出　　处：《语言研究》2019年第1期23-33,共11页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目"安徽江淮官话轻声模式研究"(2014AHSKYD136);安徽省教育厅人文社科重点项目"安徽方言内部互通度计量研究"(2016SKA0226);安徽省教育厅人文社科重点项目"基于语料库的英汉词汇互借模式研究"(2018SK0570)

摘　　要：舌尖元音的强摩擦现象是汉语方言中一个引人注目的问题。目前学界对于舌尖元音的声学性质和音系地位进行了广泛而有益的探索,取得了一定的成就。相对而言,有关舌尖元音的摩擦程度、出现的环境、以及音系归属等问题都还可以进行更深入的研究。因此,本文以舌尖化程度较高的合肥方言为例,探索舌尖元音的性质和音系地位。声学研究表明:合肥方言的几个舌尖元音的共振峰轨迹相对稳定,说明它们均为单元音。同时他们又带有明显的摩擦性特征,摩擦性成分约占元音时长的20%左右,与共振峰结构共现。这些元音部分的摩擦性特征,不是辅音声母的延续,也没有贯穿元音的始终,属于元音的次要发声特征。基于本研究,我们认为这合肥话的这三个舌尖元音属于Ladegoged&Maddieson所提的摩擦元音。本研究尝试用感知增强理论来解释合肥话舌尖元音的摩擦性特征,主张舌尖元音的出现不是偶然现象,而是语言系统中音系对立感知清晰度的内在要求。因此,摩擦性特征应该是高元音的重要特征之一。A striking property of the vowel inventory in Chinese is that apical vowels bear strong friction, where the phonetic and phonological properties of such vowels have been subject to debate. The strong frication in apical vowel is also observed in Hefei Chinese, which is claimed to be one of the Chinese dialects with most apical vowels. Focusing on the apical vowels in Hefei Chinese, the acoustic study indicates that there are clear formant structures in the apical vowels, which are typical of vowels with high front quality. The friction in the vowel can be viewed as a feature associated with the vowel, more specifically a secondary articulation on the vowel. Based on their acoustic properties, the three apical vowels in Hefei can be characterized with a more general term, i.e., fricative vowels as proposed by Ladefoged & Maddieson. In addition, the friction can also be accounted for with regard to contrast enhancement and accordingly the frication noise may be taken as a feature to distinguish high vowels.

关 键 词：舌尖元音 摩擦性质 感知增强 

分 类 号：H116[语言文字—汉语]