不同材料覆盖对马铃薯田土壤水热状况及产量的影响  

Effects of different mulching materials on soil moisture-heat condition and yield of potato

作　　者：霍轶珍 丁春莲 银花 韩翠莲 HUO Yizhen;DING Chunlian;YIN Hua;HAN Cuilian(Department of Civil Engineering,Hetao University ,Bayannur 015000,China;Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Technology Research Center,Hetao Irrigation District,Bayannur 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]河套学院土木工程系,巴彦淖尔015000 [2]内蒙古自治区河套灌区灌溉排水工程技术研究中心,巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2019年第1期90-94,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金："十三五"国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0400205);内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划(NMGIRT-B1611);内蒙古自治区教育厅自然科学基金项目(NJZY16335)资助

摘　　要：为研究不同材料覆盖对马铃薯田土壤水热状况、产量以及水分利用效率的影响,试验设置裸地、秸秆覆盖、液态地膜覆盖和普通地膜覆盖共4个处理并进行了对比研究。结果表明:地表覆盖后显著提高了土壤含水率,全生育期内普通地膜、液态地膜和秸秆覆盖处理平均较裸地处理高19. 67%、14. 83%和6. 60%。不同覆盖条件可显著提高马铃薯耕层土壤温度,且在马铃薯生育前中期达到显著水平,普通地膜覆盖、液态地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖平均较裸地处理高5. 95℃、4. 44℃和1. 55℃。生育后期,裸地覆盖地温显著低于普通地膜和秸秆覆盖,而与液态地膜覆盖间差异性不显著,但该阶段气温较高,液态地膜覆盖相对其他覆盖处理达到了降温的效果,有利于马铃薯产量的形成。各覆盖处理均显著提高了马铃薯产量和水分利用效率,且以液态地膜覆盖增幅最为显著,产量和水分利用效率分别较裸地处理提高46. 26%和35. 00%。综合考虑,液态地膜覆盖较适宜在该地区马铃薯种植过程中推广应用。In order to study the effects of different mulching on soil moisture-heat,yield and water use efficiency of potato field,four treatments including non mulching,straw mulching,liquid film mulching and plastic film mulching were used to make a comparative study.The results showed that the soil moisture content of potato field was increased significantly after surface mulching,and the treatment of plastic film mulching,liquid film mulching and straw mulching increased average by 19.67%,14.83% and 6.60% than non mulching.Different mulching materials significantly improved the soil temperature,and which reached a significant level before the growth of potato,and the treatment of plastic film mulching,liquid film mulching and straw mulching increased temperature averagely by 5.95℃,4.44℃ and 1.55℃ than non mulching.The temperature of non mulching was significantly lower than that of the plastic film and straw mulching,but there was no significant difference between the liquid film mulching and control in the later growth stage.But at this stage,the temperature was higher,and the liquid film mulching had the effect of reducing temperature,that was beneficial to the formation of potato yield.The yield and water use efficiency of potato were significantly increased in all treatments,and the growth rate of liquid film mulching was the most significant,and the yield and water use efficiency increased by46.26% and 35.00% respectively.Comprehensive consideration,the liquid film mulching was more suitable for potato planting in the region.

关 键 词：覆盖材料 马铃薯 土壤水热 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]