鲤鱼对外来入侵物种鳄龟及巴西龟的视觉识别  

Visual recognition of carp on invasive species alligator snapping turtle and red-eared slider

作　　者：梁碧霞 徐艳萍 武正军[1,2] 黄锦龙 LIANG Bi-xia;XU Yan-ping;WU Zheng-jun;HUANG Jin-long(Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection,Ministry of Education,Guilin 541004,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室,桂林541004 [2]广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室,桂林541004

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2019年第1期205-209,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：广西自然科学基金重大专项项目(2011GXNSFE018005)资助

摘　　要：鳄龟(Macroclemys temmincki)和巴西龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)是危害严重的外来物种,在中国多地的水生生态系统中已经发现鳄龟和巴西龟分布。本研究探讨了本地物种鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)对这两种入侵生物的反捕食能力。通过观察鳄龟和巴西龟出现时,鲤鱼是否远离它们,来了解鲤鱼对鳄龟和巴西龟的视觉识别能力和反捕食行为。结果表明:当只有鳄龟时,鲤鱼能在短时间内(10 min)有效识别并远离鳄龟;当鳄龟和巴西龟同时出现时,在所有时间段内(0～10 min)鲤鱼远离鳄龟的数量显著高于远离巴西龟的数量,这可能是鳄龟活动幅度较大、危险系数高、动作凶猛所致。本研究说明,鲤鱼可通过视觉辨别捕食者威胁大小并采取合适的生存策略。水生生态系统的外来入侵物种对水生生物的危害较大,应加强对外来入侵物种的防控,限制外来物种放生,减轻其生态危害。Alligator snapping turtle( Macroclemys temmincki) and red-eared slider( Trachemys scripta elegans) are harmful alien invasive species. Both of them have been found in many aquatic ecosystems in China. Here,we examined the anti-predation ability of a native species in China,carp( Cyprinus carpio),against those invasive species. By observing whether the carp would try to far away from them during the appearance of alligator snapping turtle and red-eared slider,we estimated the visual recognition ability and anti-predatory behavior of carp. The results showed that when only alligator snapping turtle was present,the carp was able to visually identify the predator within a short period of time( 10 min) and stayed away from it. When both invasive species presented simultaneously,the number of carp moving away from alligator snapping turtle was significantly higher than that moving away from red-eared slider at all time points( 0-10 min).This may be due to the large range of action,high risk and the fierce movement of the snapping turtle. Our results indicate that the carp can visually identify predators and adopt appropriate survival strategies. Alien invasive species in aquatic ecosystems are harmful to native aquatic organisms. The control of invasive alien species should be strengthened to prevent the release of alien species and reduce their ecological hazards.

关 键 词：外来入侵物种 鳄龟 巴西龟 鲤鱼 视觉识别 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]