中国土地制度的宪法解释:问题、争议及权衡  

Constitutional Explanation of Chinese Land System:Issues, Disputes and Balance

作　　者：刘磊[1] LIU Lei

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,讲师湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《学术月刊》2019年第1期105-114,共10页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"新型城镇化建设的法治保障研究"(16ZDA062)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：近年来,中国土地制度引发诸多争论,集中体现为对宪法第十条的不同解释。许多学者试图"回到宪法",通过对土地条款的规范宪法学解释来弥合分歧。然而,从基本权利理论出发的规范宪法学解释方案并未能消弭分歧。这一争论的实质是土地增值收益分配,不同学者在此问题上持有不同的利益关怀。土地增值收益分配与中国宪制紧密相联,现有土地制度对于处理国家与民众关系、不同利益群体之间关系、中央与地方关系具有重要意义。因此,要以慎言违宪的态度对待宪法确立的土地制度基本架构。对于决策层而言,需要注意土地制度的变动,特别是土地增值收益分配机制的调整与中国城市化所处阶段相匹适,审慎权衡此种变动所带来的一系列影响。In recent years,our land system induces many disputes,focused on the different explanation to the tenth article of the Constitution.Many scholars try to " go back to the Constitution",and solve the disputes by an formal explanation of the articles concerning land in the Constitution.However,owing to different individual methodology,the disputes could not be solved by the explanation of the articles concerning land in Constitution through the theory of basic right,and,in fact,the kernel point of this dispute lies at the distribution of the revenue of value-added of land.This distribution is closely related with the Constitutional system.Therefore,it must be cautious to deal with the basic frame of land system established by the Constitution and do not violate the Constitution in views.As for the decision-making sectors,attentions should be paid to the changes of land system,especially to the readjustment of the mechanics of distribution of the value-added revenue of land,which is to be conformed to the current stage of citification.It is also important to balance the effects of this change.

关 键 词：八二宪法 土地制度 宪法解释 城市化 慎言违宪 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]