晚清时期西人对黄河的认知及其相关诉求  

Westerners' Cognition of the Yellow River and Their Related Appeals in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：贾国静[1] Jia Guojing

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《史学月刊》2019年第1期96-103,共8页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目"黄河铜瓦厢决口改道与晚清政局"(15FZS015);山东大学青年团队项目"近代中国东部区域社会研究"子项目"晚清民国黄河水灾与山东区域环境变迁"

摘　　要：晚清时期西人颇为关注黄河水灾并产生了相关诉求。先是1855年铜瓦厢改道后,西人在惊诧之余希图加以利用,以在黄河发展航运将贸易深入华北,但因实地调查发现新河道难以通航而放弃。1887年郑州决口后,西人通过密切关注灾情以及清廷的堵口工程,认为黄河确为"中国之忧患",并将目标转向了介入治河以进行技术转移与资本输出。此后的实地调查较为顺利,但向清廷发出的"合作"诉求遭遇了排拒,仅在器物层面实现了点滴渗透。透过这一过程可见,西人基于自身价值体系盲目自信,不断寻求新途径扩张权益,清廷则基于自身需求予以取舍,并非一味逢迎。中西在晚清水利工程领域的碰撞与交流为考察近代中西关系的一个侧面。In the late Qing dynasty,the westerners paid much attention to the flood of the Yellow River and came up with many appeals.With the shift of Yellow River’s route in Tongwaxiang in 1855,the westerners endeavored to develop the shipping industry on the Yellow River so as to push their trade into North China.However,they gave up this idea after conducting field investigations and discovering that the new route of the Yellow River was unfit for navigation.In 1887,the dyke of Yellow River was breached in Zhengzhou.The westerners paid close attention to the disaster and the Qing Court’s closure work.They thought the Yellow River was indeed China’s misery and turned their target to capital export and technology transfer on the pretext of regulating the river.But they made little progress on this issue because of the Qing Court’s rejection of the cooperation appeals from the westerners.It could be seen from the whole process that the westerners were always looking for new approaches to expand their interests while the Qing Court reacted according to its own need,not always subservient for the purpose of seeking peace.The collisions and exchanges between China and the West in the field of water conservancy projects in the late Qing dynasty provided a good profile for us to understand Sino-West relations in the modern period.

关 键 词：晚清 西人 黄河水灾 发展航运 介入治河 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]