口腔医务人员血源性职业暴露现状与防控  

Current situation of bloodborne pathogens-occupational exposure of dental health care workers:the prevention and control

作　　者：章小缓[1] ZHANG Xiao-huan(Guanghua School of Stomatology ,Hospital of Stomatology ,Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Stomatological Research,Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology ,Guang zhou 510055,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学光华口腔医学院·附属口腔医院,中山大学口腔医学研究所,广东省口腔重点实验室,广东广州510055

出　　处：《中国实用口腔科杂志》2018年第12期718-722,共5页Chinese Journal of Practical Stomatology

摘　　要：血源性职业暴露是指由于职业关系,医务人员在从事诊疗过程中被患者的血液、体液侵入皮肤或接触患者的黏膜,可能导致血源性病原体感染,从而损害其健康甚至危及其生命的情况。口腔治疗常规需要接触患者黏膜并从事高频率侵入性操作,大大增加了口腔医务人员血源性职业暴露从而感染乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎和艾滋病等的潜在风险。因此,全体口腔医务工作者应严格执行标准预防措施,正确执行安全操作规范,降低职业暴露风险;一旦发生职业暴露,应立即采取局部应急处理并遵守暴露后预防,以提高全体口腔医务人员的职业安全性。Blood-borne occupational exposure can be defined as a percutaneous injury( including needlestick or cut with a sharp object)or contact of mucous membrane or nonintact skin with blood,saliva,tissue,or other body fluids that are potentially infectious. Dental health care workers(DHCWs)usually come in contact with patients’ mucosa and take invasive operation frequently in dental practice. Exposure event might place DHCWs at a high risk for hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),or human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection,which therefore should be evaluated immediately following treatment of the exposure site,initiating the post-exposure prophylaxis by a qualified health care professional,in order to improve the occupational safety of all dental health care workers.

关 键 词：锐器伤 血源性职业暴露 暴露后应急处理 暴露后预防 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]