领先用户研究:概念,测量与影响因素  

Lead user research: Concepts,measurements and influencing factors

作　　者：王楠[1,2] 张士凯 陈劲 Wang Nan;Zhang Shikai;Chen Jin(School of Business,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100037,China;Center for Technological Innovation Research,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学商学院,北京100037 [2]清华大学技术创新研究中心,北京100084 [3]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《科研管理》2019年第1期170-177,共8页Science Research Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目"企业网络创新社区中用户在线参与创新行为影响因素及用户间互动作用机制研究"(71602006;2017.01-2019.12);国家自然科学基金项目"高管团队的权力分布及其经济后果研究"(71672003;2017.01-2020.12);国家社会科学基金面上项目"共享经济下的企业资源贡献行为及企业间协同机制研究"(18BGL083;2018.09-2021.09)

摘　　要：研究领先用户,可以了解未来市场发展趋势和捕捉用户需求变化,开发更具市场潜力的新产品或服务等,并增加企业新产品或服务的竞争优势。但相关研究尚未成熟,且国内研究十分缺乏。基于相关外文数据库对领先用户理论研究的重要成果进行了梳理,深入分析了领先用户的概念、量表与测量和影响因素等。研究发现:(1)领先用户是指在特定领域处于重要市场前沿地位(领先市场趋势),并期望从满足需求的解方案中获得高收益(高期望收益)的用户;(2)量表包括领先市场趋势和高期望收益两个基本维度;(3)影响因素由领域相关变量、领域独立变量和动机构成。最后,对未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为国内学者进一步研究领先用户及企业与领先用户合作进行新产品开发提供参考。In face of increasingly fierce market competition,companies are gradually shifting from a closed internal R&D process to opening up and cooperation. Research shows that about 40% of new product development in different industries faces failures,and only a few surviving new products have become widely accepted standard equipment in the industry. Therefore,companies often cooperate with users in various ways in order to obtain ideas and knowledge for improvement and development of new products or services,thereby alleviating user and market acceptance risks.However,ordinary users are not enthusiastic about participation,and there are not many innovative and useful ideas. Companies consume a lot of time and cost in the process of screening users,but they have very low efficiency. Most companies are also looking for the more suitable groups to continuously improve and develop new products or services.The lead user approach adapts to the needs of the company innovation and marketing,allowing company’s products to fit future market trends and develop new products that are more attractive to the market. This is because lead users meet mainstream needs earlier than others and innovate to meet their own needs. Therefore,researching lead users can understand future market development trends and capture changes in user needs,develop new products and services with more market potential,and increase the competitive advantages of new products or services.Therefore,this paper uses Business Source Complete in EBSCO database,ProQ uest Business Information Database,and the Social Science Citation Index( SSCI) database in the Web of Science database to search papers of lead user. The results show that:(1) Lead users are at ahead on an important marketplace trend,and thus experience high benefits from obtaining solutions to their needs;(2) Lead user construct consists of being ahead on an important marketplace trend and high expected benefits,and the measurement of being ahead on an important marketplace trend can be combined with

关 键 词：领先用户 概念与维度 量表与测量 影响因素 

分 类 号：F270.3[经济管理—企业管理]