汤姆森电像法成因解析  

On the Factors of Establishment of Electrical Images Method

作　　者：穆蕊萍[1] 曲安京[1] 李斐[2] MU Rui-ping;QU An-jing;LI Fei(Institute for Advanced Study of the History of Science,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127;Faculty of Science,Shiyou University,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学科学史高等研究院,西安710127 [2]西安石油大学理学院,西安710065

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2019年第1期78-83,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金资助项目"中西等程律比较研究"(16CZS014);国家社会科学基金"中国历法通史研究"(15ZDB029)

摘　　要：19世纪初期,电学中需要解决的问题之一就是确定球状导体表面的电荷分布及静电场电势。泊松、格林等人在拉普拉斯方程的基础上,以分析工具得到了确定导体表面电荷分布的数学理论,从而为汤姆森建立电像法提供了数学理论基础和启发。汤姆森1847年提出的电像法是19世纪数学物理发展的产物,是电学理论中的重要成果。对电像法的思想起源及形成过程进行研究,可以使我们更好地理解19世纪数学物理的形成特征和意义。In the early nineteenth century,the one of issues was to determine the distribution of electricity on the surface of spherical conductors. Based on the Laplace equation,Poisson and Green got the useful mathematical theories in the electricity by means of analysis tool. All of these laid the foundation for establishing the method of images,which is a product of the development of mathematical physics,an important mathematical result in the theory of electricity,and first proposed by Thomson in 1847. The historical exploration on the origin and evolution of the method of images can help us to better understand the characteristic and significance of mathematical physics in the nineteenth century.

关 键 词：数学物理 格林 汤姆森 互易关系 电像法 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]