美国NCLB法案框架下规则制定与调整的政策分析  

Policy Analysis of Rule Making and Adjustment Under NCLB Framework

作　　者：彭虹斌[1] 彭烨 PENG Hongbin;PENG Ye

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学公共管理学院教管系 [2]广东省中山市南区良都中学

出　　处：《外国中小学教育》2019年第2期27-34,共8页Primary & Secondary Schooling Abroad

基　　金：华南师范大学哲学社会科学重大培育项目"教育政策制定的责任伦理与中国特色的科学制定程序研究";广州市社科十三五规划课题"社会主义核心价值观入法入规研究"(编号:2018GZMZYB11)的研究成果

摘　　要：NCBL颁布之后,美国国会授权教育部执行该法案,教育部通过制定规则,完善法案的细则,并提供补充条款;在执行的过程中,根据需要修订规则。国会指定了两种规则制定:谈判式、通知和评论式。这两个规则制定过程采用不同程度的形式和结构。"谈判式"更为正式,它依靠负责机构召集有关各方的代表来谈判并制定规则。谈判式规则制定用于确定NCLB下的标准和评估要求,通知和评论规则制定程序则用于所有其他问题。当联邦教育部要解决的所定义的问题的框架较为宽泛时,谈判式可能是合适的。联邦政府不定期使用传统的通知和评论式程序,并利用这些更熟悉的机制回应来自该领域的需求。NCLB的规则多次修订均是联邦政府与利益相关者讨价还价的过程。After the NCBL was enacted, congress authorized the ministry of education to implement the act. The ministry of education established the rules to improve the details of the act and provided supplementary provisions. Rules can also be revised as needed during implementation. Congress specifies two types of rulemaking: negotiated, informed and commented. These two rulemaking processes take different forms and structures. "Regulatory negotiation" is more formal, relying on the responsible body to convene representatives of the parties involved to negotiate and set the rules. Negotiated rulemaking is used to determine standards and assessment requirements under NCLB, and notification and comment rulemaking procedures are used for all other issues. Regulatory negotiations may be appropriate when the framework for the problems defined by the federal department of education is broader. The federal government does not routinely use traditional notification and comment procedures and uses these more familiar mechanisms to respond to requirements from the field. Multiple revisions to NCLB’s rules have been a process of bargaining between the federal government and stakeholders.

关 键 词：谈判式 通知和评论式 联邦政府 

分 类 号：G639.712[文化科学—教育学]